Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41761060
Advanced, pharmacological and complementary interventions for chronic or recurrent orofacial pain conditions: a systematic evidence map with selective meta-analyses.
Calabrò Rocco Salvatore, Calderone Andrea, Bonanno Lilla, et al. · The journal of headache and pain · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s10194-026-02300-7
Findings
144 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | SMD -0.29 [-1.31, 0.73] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 3 studies · 144 participants |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents and supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.40 [-7.46, 6.66] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 126 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.60 [-1.71, 0.52] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents and supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.50 [-0.90, -0.11] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 126 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Lopez-Jornet et al. 2009 | SMD -0.60 [-1.71, 0.52] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents and supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.29 [-1.31, 0.73] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 144 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.40 [-7.46, 6.66] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 2 studies · 126 participants |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents and supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.26 [-0.63, 0.11] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 144 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Heckmann et al. 2012 | SMD -0.38 [-2.22, 1.46] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Pharmacological agents or supplements | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Felipe et al. 2022 | SMD 0.29 [-2.43, 3.01] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -1.00 [-1.98, -0.03] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.82 [-1.42, -0.21] Low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies · 156 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Spanemberg et al. 2015 | SMD -0.42 [-0.67, -0.16] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Supplementary Table 5 base case as reported there (3 studies; 7 contrasts) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | SMD -0.75 [-1.24, -0.26] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Spanemberg et al. 2015 | SMD -0.35 [-0.91, 0.21] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.76 [-1.09, -0.43] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Martinez et al. 2024 | SMD -1.00 [-1.98, -0.02] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Supplementary Table 5 base case as reported there (2 studies; 6 contrasts) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | SMD -0.74 [-1.30, -0.17] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.82 [-1.42, -0.21] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 156 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Sikora et al. 2018 | SMD -0.86 [-1.44, -0.29] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Martinez et al. 2024 | SMD -1.16 [-2.20, -0.11] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.81 [-1.35, -0.27] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Quality of life Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.81 [-1.20, -0.42] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 156 participants |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Adverse events Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | RR 0.55 [0.30, 1.00] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic burning mouth syndrome | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.81 [-1.35, -0.27] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 3 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.55 [-1.65, 0.55] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Brochado et al. 2018 | SMD -0.89 [-2.67, 0.89] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | MD 2.11 [-1.40, 5.62] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Brochado et al. 2018 | MD 2.98 [-2.40, 8.36] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | MD 2.11 [-1.40, 5.62] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.55 [-1.65, 0.55] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Banda et al. 2023 | SMD -0.66 [-1.92, 0.59] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | MD -1.94 [-5.97, 2.08] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | MD 0.51 [0.31, 0.72] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | SMD -0.31 [-1.17, 0.55] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Brochado et al. 2018 | SMD -0.72 [-2.33, 0.89] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ferreira et al. 2024 | MD -4.13 [-10.82, 2.57] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ferreira et al. 2024 | SMD -0.17 [-1.59, 1.25] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.31 [-1.17, 0.55] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ferreira et al. 2024 | SMD -0.72 [-2.57, 1.12] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Dunning et al. 2024 | MD -0.74 [-4.21, 2.73] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.57 [-0.82, -0.32] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.51 [-0.72, -0.29] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 336 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Yu et al. 2025 | SMD -0.14 [-0.58, 0.30] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Dunning et al. 2024 | SMD -0.51 [-1.79, 0.78] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Dunning et al. 2024 | SMD -0.12 [-1.05, 0.82] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ferreira et al. 2024 | MD 0.49 [-3.80, 4.79] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | MD -1.94 [-5.97, 2.08] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Dunning et al. 2024 | MD 3.00 [-0.28, 6.29] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Brochado et al. 2018 | MD -1.45 [-10.09, 7.19] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Yu et al. 2025 | MD 1.50 [-2.35, 5.35] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling / manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | MD -3.26 [-4.66, -1.85] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Dry needling or manual therapy | Active comparator | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Banda et al. 2023 | MD 2.42 [-1.63, 6.48] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Abbadi et al. 2022 | MD 0.22 [-1.21, 1.65] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Singh et al. 2021 | MD -0.02 [-1.48, 1.44] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (more than 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.44 [-0.66, -0.21] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 272 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Jacob et al. 2022 | SMD -0.53 [-1.05, -0.01] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.40 [-0.73, -0.08] Low Downgraded: risk of bias 7 studies · 201 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2021 | SMD -0.55 [-0.88, -0.22] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Singh et al. 2021 | SMD -0.42 [-0.79, -0.05] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Bayramoglu et al. 2023 | MD 0.07 [-1.38, 1.52] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kheder et al. 2024 | SMD -0.44 [-0.80, -0.08] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2016 | SMD -0.53 [-0.92, -0.15] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Zarate et al. 2020 | SMD -0.42 [-0.84, -0.01] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Qataya et al. 2025 | SMD -0.46 [-0.81, -0.11] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Jacob et al. 2022 | MD -0.80 [-3.21, 1.61] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (more than 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.46 [-0.85, -0.08] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 272 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.70 [-1.21, -0.19] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2015 | MD -0.67 [-2.86, 1.51] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kheder et al. 2024 | SMD -0.48 [-0.90, -0.06] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Bayramoglu et al. 2023 | SMD -0.40 [-0.78, -0.03] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) | SMD -0.46 [-0.85, -0.08] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency 9 studies · 272 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.40 [-0.73, -0.08] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 201 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Abbadi et al. 2022 | SMD -0.31 [-0.67, 0.06] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2021 | MD -0.69 [-2.93, 1.55] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) | MD -0.32 [-1.95, 1.32] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 7 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Abbadi et al. 2022 | SMD -0.43 [-0.88, 0.03] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Karadayi et al. 2021 | SMD -0.28 [-0.50, -0.06] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | MD -1.57 [-4.99, 1.86] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (more than 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | MD -0.32 [-1.95, 1.32] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Zarate et al. 2020 | SMD -0.40 [-0.78, -0.01] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2016 | MD -0.57 [-1.97, 0.83] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Jaw function Long-term (more than 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | MD -0.14 [-1.14, 0.86] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 221 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Singh et al. 2021 | SMD -0.46 [-0.88, -0.04] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kilic et al. 2015 | SMD -0.47 [-0.89, -0.05] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.41 [-0.67, -0.14] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 201 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.37 [-0.89, 0.15] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Active comparator | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Bayramoglu et al. 2023 | SMD -0.42 [-0.83, -0.01] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.88 [-2.00, 0.23] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ernberg et al. 2011 | SMD -1.65 [-4.54, 1.24] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -1.37 [-3.12, 0.38] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kim et al. 2023 | SMD -1.66 [-4.41, 1.09] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.88 [-2.00, 0.23] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -1.15 [-1.44, -0.86] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Louw et al. 2019 | SMD -1.26 [-4.52, 2.00] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.88 [-2.00, 0.23] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Mathpati et al. 2024 | SMD -0.87 [-2.56, 0.83] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ernberg et al. 2011 | SMD -1.11 [-2.82, 0.60] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -1.37 [-3.12, 0.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kim et al. 2023 | SMD -0.99 [-2.93, 0.96] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Louw et al. 2019 | MD -2.15 [-3.10, -1.19] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | SMD -1.37 [-3.12, 0.38] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Mathpati et al. 2024 | SMD -0.49 [-1.26, 0.28] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | MD -2.07 [-2.66, -1.47] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | MD -1.41 [-3.39, 0.58] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | MD -1.41 [-3.39, 0.58] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | MD -1.41 [-3.39, 0.58] Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Kim et al. 2023 | MD -1.41 [-4.81, 1.99] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Louw et al. 2019 | SMD -0.88 [-2.98, 1.22] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Ernberg et al. 2011 | MD -1.52 [-4.74, 1.70] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Injectables / intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -1.68 [-2.00, -1.36] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 200 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectables or intra-articular procedures | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Mathpati et al. 2024 | MD 0.05 [-0.90, 0.99] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.91 [-3.47, 1.65] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 82 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Venancio et al. 2005 | SMD -0.50 [-1.14, 0.14] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Shousha et al. 2021 | SMD -0.16 [-0.68, 0.37] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Chamani et al. 2024 | MD 1.90 [-2.70, 6.50] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Shousha et al. 2021 | MD -1.03 [-2.51, 0.46] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.40 [-1.26, 0.46] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Simon et al. 2020 | SMD -0.52 [-1.20, 0.16] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | SMD -0.91 [-3.47, 1.65] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Bertolucci et al. 1995 | SMD -0.62 [-1.14, -0.10] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Herpich et al. 2019 | MD 1.23 [-2.01, 4.47] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Herpich et al. 2019 | SMD -0.41 [-1.06, 0.24] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Chamani et al. 2024 | SMD -0.35 [-1.03, 0.34] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | MD 1.01 [-1.85, 3.87] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 5 studies · 391 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) | SMD -0.91 [-3.47, 1.65] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 3 studies · 82 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | SMD -0.45 [-1.06, 0.17] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 10 studies · 462 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Venancio et al. 2005 | SMD -0.97 [-13.95, 12.00] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Monteiro et al. 2020 | SMD -0.35 [-5.69, 4.99] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (>4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Emshoff et al. 2008 | SMD -1.41 [-9.02, 6.20] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | MD 0.11 [-0.42, 0.64] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 391 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | SMD -0.45 [-1.06, 0.17] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 462 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Bertolucci et al. 1995 | MD 1.59 [-1.41, 4.59] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Delvecchio et al. 2021 | SMD -0.49 [-1.18, 0.20] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Emshoff et al. 2008 | SMD -0.49 [-1.14, 0.15] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Carli et al. 2013 | SMD -0.51 [-1.24, 0.22] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: excluding studies at high risk of bias | MD 2.46 [-5.98, 10.89] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: conservative SD imputation (Q3) | MD 1.01 [-1.85, 3.87] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 391 participants |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.71 [-1.09, -0.33] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 82 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Borges et al. 2017 | SMD -0.40 [-1.14, 0.33] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Jaw function Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: leave-one-out, omitting Aisaiti et al. 2021 | MD 1.10 [-2.72, 4.93] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with temporomandibular disorders | Photobiomodulation / low-level laser therapy (PBM/LLLT) | Inactive control (placebo, sham, usual care or no intervention) | Pain intensity Short-term (immediate to 4 weeks) · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | SMD -0.42 [-0.61, -0.23] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 462 participants |
| Adults with trigeminal neuralgia | Neuromodulation | Inactive control | Pain intensity Long-term (>12 weeks) | SMD -0.40 [-0.73, -0.08] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 251 participants |
| Adults with chronic or recurrent temporomandibular disorders | Injectable comparisons (subset) | Not specified | Adverse events Short-term (immediate post-intervention to 4 weeks) | RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
Included primary studies 241
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karadayi 2021 Randomised controlled trial of arthrocentesis with or without PRF for internal derangement of the TMJ. PMID:33581954 | 2021 | 4 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Monteiro 2020 Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorder-Related Pain Using a 635 nm Diode Laser: A Randomized, Blinded, and… PMID:32427553 | 2020 | 4 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 4 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2017 Short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain and improves the masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular… PMID:28403351 | 2017 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kilic 2016 Is arthrocentesis plus platelet-rich plasma superior to arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of temporomandibular joint… PMID:27364372 | 2016 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abbadi 2022 Arthrocentesis, Injectable Platelet-Rich Plasma and Combination of Both Protocols of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Management: A… PMID:36523721 | 2022 | 2 other reviews | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Aisaiti 2021 Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders. PMID:33907210 | 2021 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bayramoglu 2023 Does intra-articular injection of tenoxicam after arthrocentesis heal outcomes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis? A randomized… PMID:36890529 | 2023 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kiliç 2015 Is Arthrocentesis Plus Platelet-Rich Plasma Superior to Arthrocentesis Alone in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A… PMID:25976690 | 2015 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kılıç 2021 Does glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane supplementation improve the outcome of temporomandibular joint… PMID:33685850 | 2021 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dıracoglu 2012 Effectiveness of dry needling for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. PMID:23220812 | 2012 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Emshoff 2008 Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. PMID:18329580 | 2008 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Herpich 2020 Intraoral photobiomodulation diminishes pain and improves functioning in women with temporomandibular disorder: a randomized,… PMID:31325122 | 2020 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Karadayi 2021 Randomised controlled trial of arthrocentesis with or without PRF for internal derangement of the TMJ DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2021.01.018 | 2021 | 2 other reviews | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Rezazadeh 2023 Effect of Non-Ablative Non-Thermal CO2 Laser on Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Pilot Study. PMID:37335618 | 2023 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shehata 2013 Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia? PMID:24251833 | 2013 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2012 Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PMID:22492424 | 2012 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2014 Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized,… PMID:25263254 | 2014 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aisaiti 2021 Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-87265-0 | 2021 | 1 other review | Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Ângelo 2025 Double-Puncture Arthrocentesis in Arthrogenous TMJ Disorders: Bioviscosupplementation vs. Viscosupplementation a Randomized Controlled… PMID:40507514 | 2025 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Brochado 2018 Comparative effectiveness of photobiomodulation and manual therapy alone or combined in TMD patients: a randomized clinical trial. PMID:29995062 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kiliç 2016 Is dextrose prolotherapy superior to placebo for the treatment of temporomandibular joint hypermobility? A randomized clinical trial. PMID:26846795 | 2016 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Del Vecchio 2021 Evaluation of the efficacy of a new low-level laser therapy home protocol in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder-related… DOI:10.1080/08869634.2019.1599174 | 2019 | 1 other review | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Del Vecchio 2021 Evaluation of the efficacy of a new low-level laser therapy home protocol in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder-related… PMID:30999823 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ekici 2022 Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with myogenic temporomandibular joint disorder: A double-blind,… PMID:34174507 | 2022 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Espejo-Antúnez 2024 Effects of adding electro-massage to manual therapy for the treatment of individuals with myofascial temporomandibular pain: a randomized… PMID:39292112 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2017 Short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain and improves the masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular… DOI:10.1590/1678-77572016-0173 | 2017 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2024 Manual therapy and dry needling improve mobility, pain and reduce fear of COVID-19 in temporomandibular disorder patients: Randomized… PMID:39593654 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| García-de la-Banda-García 2023 Effectiveness of Dry Needling versus Manual Therapy in Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. PMID:37763182 | 2023 | 1 other review | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Gremeau-Richard 2004 Topical clonazepam in stomatodynia: a randomised placebo-controlled study. PMID:15109507 | 2004 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hagenacker 2014 Patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates pain in trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:25424567 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Herpich 2020 Intraoral photobiomodulation diminishes pain and improves functioning in women with temporomandibular disorder: a randomized,… DOI:10.1007/s10103-019-02841-1 | 2019 | 1 other review | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Jacob 2022 Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Following Arthrocentesis for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders: A Randomized… PMID:36896087 | 2022 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Karagözoğlu 2024 Clinical Efficacy of Two Different Low-Level Laser Therapies for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled… PMID:39598034 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kheder 2024 Ultrasound-Guided Vs Non-Guided Prolotherapy for Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint. A Randomized Clinical Trial. PMID:38581185 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2024 Electroacupuncture and carbamazepine for patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial. PMID:38816482 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2024 Effect of acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial. PMID:38710498 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Magri 2018 Non-specific effects and clusters of women with painful TMD responders and non-responders to LLLT: double-blind randomized clinical trial. PMID:29209867 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mansano 2023 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Trigeminal Neuralgia Management: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. PMID:36029256 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mathpati 2024 Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Pain in Young Adults With Temporomandibular Disorder. PMID:38586782 | 2024 | 1 other review | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Monteiro 2020 Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorder-Related Pain Using a 635 nm Diode Laser: A Randomized, Blinded, and… DOI:10.1089/photob.2019.4730 | 2020 | 1 other review | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Nadershah 2020 Photobiomodulation Therapy for Myofascial Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. PMID:31988570 | 2020 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Özden 2020 Efficacy of dry needling in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders related to the masseter muscle. PMID:30296920 | 2020 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Qataya 2025 Piano level laser therapy versus epidermal growth factor injection for painful myogenic temporomandibular disorder (a randomized clinical… PMID:39912963 | 2025 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shousha 2021 Effects of low-level laser therapy versus soft occlusive splints on mouth opening and surface electromyography in females with… PMID:34597318 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sielski 2025 Single intra-articular administration of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) in alleviating temporomandibular joint pain: A pilot… DOI:10.17219/dmp/188273 | 2025 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2021 Evaluation of Arthrocentesis with and Without Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint: A… PMID:33927494 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Venancio 2005 Low intensity laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a double-blind study. PMID:16202043 | 2005 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Venezian 2010 Low level laser effects on pain to palpation and electromyographic activity in TMD patients: a double-blind, randomized,… PMID:20491229 | 2010 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Vingender 2023 Evaluation of the efficiency of hyaluronic acid, PRP and I-PRF intra-articular injections in the treatment of internal derangement of the… DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2023.01.017 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Agarwal 2021 Radiofrequency Treatment of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia (Conventional vs. Pulsed): A Prospective Randomized Control Study. PMID:34667342 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ângelo 2023 Effectiveness of double-puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation in different categories of severity – a… DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2023.09.010 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ângelo 2023 Outcomes of IncobotulinumtoxinA Injection on Myalgia and Arthralgia in Patients Undergoing Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy: A… PMID:37368677 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ângelo 2023 Effectiveness of double-puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation in different categories of severity - a… PMID:37852891 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arduino 2016 A randomized pilot study to assess the safety and the value of low-level laser therapy versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth… DOI:10.1007/s10103-016-1897-8 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arduino 2016 A randomized pilot study to assess the safety and the value of low-level laser therapy versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth… PMID:26873501 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Barbosa 2018 Evaluation of laser therapy and alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1007/s10103-018-2472-2 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Barbosa 2018 Evaluation of laser therapy and alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. PMID:29502160 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bardellini 2019 Efficacy of the photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome. PMID:31655841 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bayramoglu 2023 Does intra-articular injection of tenoxicam after arthrocentesis heal outcomes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis? A randomized… DOI:10.1186/s12903-023-02852-z | 2023 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Bertolucci 1995 Clinical Analysis of Mid-Laser Versus Placebo Treatment of Arthralgic TMJ Degenerative Joints DOI:10.1080/08869634.1995.11678038 | 1995 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Bertolucci 1995 Clinical analysis of mid-laser versus placebo treatment of arthralgic TMJ degenerative joints. PMID:7585998 | 1995 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bessho 1998 Effectiveness of Kampo medicine (Sai-boku-to) in treatment of patients with glossodynia DOI:10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90204-9 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bessho 1998 Effectiveness of kampo medicine (sai-boku-to) in treatment of patients with glossodynia. PMID:9868725 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bharti 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bharti 2019 Radiofrequency Thermoablation of the Gasserian Ganglion Versus the Peripheral Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve for Treatment of Trigeminal… PMID:30921978 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Blanco-Rueda 2023 Preliminary Findings of the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Temporomandibular Disorders: Uncontrolled Pilot Study. PMID:36836702 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Borges 2017 Effects of different photobiomodulation dosimetries on temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled… DOI:10.1007/s10103-018-2533-6 | 2018 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Borges 2017 Effects of different photobiomodulation dosimetries on temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled… PMID:29850961 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Brochado 2018 Comparative effectiveness of photobiomodulation and manual therapy alone or combined in TMD patients: a randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0050 | 2018 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Carrasco 2008 Low Intensity Laser Therapy in Temporomandibular Disorder: a Phase II Double-Blind Study DOI:10.1179/crn.2008.037 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Carrasco 2008 Low intensity laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder: a phase II double-blind study. PMID:19004308 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Castillo-Felipe 2022 Response to Treatment with Melatonin and Clonazepam versus Placebo in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome DOI:10.3390/jcm11092516 | 2022 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Castillo-Felipe 2022 Response to Treatment with Melatonin and Clonazepam versus Placebo in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. PMID:35566642 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cavalcanti 2009 Alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome – a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00735.x | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cavalcanti 2009 Alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome--a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. PMID:19175713 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chamani 2024 Comparison of low‐level laser therapy and standard treatment for temporomandibular disorders: An assessment of therapeutic and placebo… DOI:10.1111/joor.13634 | 2023 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Chamani 2024 Comparison of low-level laser therapy and standard treatment for temporomandibular disorders: An assessment of therapeutic and placebo… PMID:38012102 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chellappa 2020 Comparative efficacy of low-Level laser and TENS in the symptomatic relief of temporomandibular joint disorders: A randomized clinical trial DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_735_18 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chellappa 2020 Comparative efficacy of low-Level laser and TENS in the symptomatic relief of temporomandibular joint disorders: A randomized clinical… PMID:32246680 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kiliç 2015 Is Arthrocentesis Plus Platelet-Rich Plasma Superior to Arthrocentesis Alone in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A… DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2015.02.026 | 2015 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kiliç 2016 Is dextrose prolotherapy superior to placebo for the treatment of temporomandibular joint hypermobility? A randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2016.01.006 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cömert Kılıç 2021 Does glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane supplementation improve the outcome of temporomandibular joint… DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2021.02.012 | 2021 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Conti 1997 Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Double-blind Pilot Study DOI:10.1080/08869634.1997.11746005 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Conti 1997 Low level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD): a double-blind pilot study. PMID:9586517 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Abreu 2024 Long-Term Benefits of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients: A Prospective Study DOI:10.3390/jcm13144272 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Abreu 2024 Long-Term Benefits of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients: A Prospective Study. PMID:39064312 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Carli 2013 Piroxicam and laser phototherapy in the treatment of <scp>TMJ</scp> arthralgia: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial DOI:10.1111/joor.12022 | 2012 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| de Carli 2013 Piroxicam and laser phototherapy in the treatment of TMJ arthralgia: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. PMID:23252583 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| De la Torre Canales 2022 Long-Term Effects of a Single Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Temporomandibular Myofascial Pain Patients: A Controlled Clinical… PMID:36355991 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Pedro 2020 Effects of photobiomodulation with low‐level laser therapy in burning mouth syndrome: A randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1111/odi.13443 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Pedro 2020 Effects of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy in burning mouth syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. PMID:32460396 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dıracoglu 2012 Effectiveness of dry needling for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study DOI:10.3233/bmr-2012-0338 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Du 2025 Safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation with varying puncture trajectories for recurrent maxillary trigeminal… DOI:10.3389/fneur.2025.1577399 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Du 2025 Safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation with varying puncture trajectories for recurrent maxillary trigeminal… PMID:40697569 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dunning 2024 Dry needling and upper cervical spinal manipulation in patients with temporomandibular disorder: A multi-center randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1080/08869634.2022.2062137 | 2022 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Dunning 2024 Dry needling and upper cervical spinal manipulation in patients with temporomandibular disorder: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. PMID:35412448 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dworkin 1994 Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders DOI:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90070-1 | 1994 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dworkin 1994 Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders. PMID:7892015 | 1994 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dworkin 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dworkin 2002 A randomized clinical trial of a tailored comprehensive care treatment program for temporomandibular disorders. PMID:12455427 | 2002 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ekici 2022 Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with myogenic temporomandibular joint disorder: A double-blind,… DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2021.06.009 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| El Hossieny 2020 Impact of combining pulsed and thermal radiofrequency on long-term therapy of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: A prospective study DOI:10.1080/11101849.2020.1762460 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Emshoff 2008 Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial DOI:10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.09.012 | 2008 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Ernberg 2011 Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of persistent myofascial TMD pain: A randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter study DOI:10.1016/j.pain.2011.03.036 | 2011 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Ernberg 2011 Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of persistent myofascial TMD pain: a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter… PMID:21514731 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Espejo-Antúnez 2024 Effects of adding electro-massage to manual therapy for the treatment of individuals with myofascial temporomandibular pain: a randomized… DOI:10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0109 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Faizo 2025 Patient satisfaction and pain relief following radiofrequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective cohort study DOI:10.3389/fpain.2025.1639140 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Faizo 2025 Patient satisfaction and pain relief following radiofrequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective cohort study. PMID:40958819 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Farahat 2023 Effect of low-level LASER therapy versus CAD/CAM Michigan splint on patients with Temporomandibular Muscle Disorders: a randomized… DOI:10.4322/bds.2023.e3940 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2013 Laser acupuncture in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial DOI:10.1007/s10103-013-1273-x | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2013 Laser acupuncture in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. PMID:23380907 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2024 Manual therapy and dry needling improve mobility, pain and reduce fear of COVID-19 in temporomandibular disorder patients: Randomized… DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.05.015 | 2024 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Fikácková 2007 Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Placebo-Controlled Study DOI:10.1089/pho.2007.2053 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fikácková 2007 Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a placebo-controlled study. PMID:17803388 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fricova 2021 A Prospective Single-Center Study of the Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at 2-Week Follow-Up in 17 Patients with… DOI:10.12659/msm.933017 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fricova 2021 A Prospective Single-Center Study of the Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at 2-Week Follow-Up in 17 Patients with… PMID:34789713 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Garcia Martinez 2024 Burning Mouth Syndrome Treated with Low-Level Laser and Clonazepam: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12051048 | 2024 | this review only | Pain intensity; Quality of life | not extracted yet |
| Garcia Martinez 2024 Burning Mouth Syndrome Treated with Low-Level Laser and Clonazepam: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial. PMID:38791010 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gremeau-Richard 2004 Topical clonazepam in stomatodynia: a randomised placebo-controlled study DOI:10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.002 | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hagenacker 2014 Patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates pain in trigeminal neuralgia DOI:10.1186/1129-2377-15-78 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Heckmann 2012 A double‐blind study on clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome DOI:10.1002/lary.22490 | 2012 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Heckmann 2012 A double-blind study on clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome. PMID:22344742 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Herrero Babiloni 2024 One session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces mild and transient analgesic effects among female individuals with… DOI:10.1111/joor.13655 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Herrero Babiloni 2024 One session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces mild and transient analgesic effects among female individuals with… PMID:38225806 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hodaj 2015 Treatment of Chronic Facial Pain Including Cluster Headache by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex With… DOI:10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.416 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hodaj 2015 Treatment of Chronic Facial Pain Including Cluster Headache by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex With… PMID:25979838 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jacob 2022 Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Following Arthrocentesis for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders: A Randomized… DOI:10.1007/s12663-021-01519-y | 2021 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Jurisic Kvesic 2015 The Effectiveness of Acupuncture versus Clonazepam in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome DOI:10.1136/acupmed-2015-010759 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jurisic Kvesic 2015 The effectiveness of acupuncture versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome. PMID:25987645 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Karagözoğlu 2024 Clinical Efficacy of Two Different Low-Level Laser Therapies for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled… DOI:10.3390/jcm13226890 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kheder 2024 Ultrasound‐Guided Vs Non‐Guided Prolotherapy for Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint. A Randomized Clinical Trial DOI:10.1002/jum.16462 | 2024 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Kilic 2016 Is arthrocentesis plus platelet-rich plasma superior to arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of temporomandibular joint… DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2016.06.009 | 2016 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2023 Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Masticatory Muscle Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind,… PMID:37888628 | 2023 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2024 Exploring HD-tDCS Effect on μ-opioid Receptor and Pain Sensitivity in Temporomandibular Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Study DOI:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.11.001 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2024 Exploring HD-tDCS Effect on μ-opioid Receptor and Pain Sensitivity in Temporomandibular Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Study. PMID:37956741 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kogawa 2005 Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of myogenic… DOI:10.1590/s1678-77572005000300015 | 2005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kogawa 2005 Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of myogenic… PMID:20878031 | 2005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Komiyama 2013 Group cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with burning mouth syndrome DOI:10.2334/josnusd.55.17 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Komiyama 2013 Group cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with burning mouth syndrome. PMID:23485596 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2023 DOI:10.3390/diagnostics1301005110.3390/diagnostics13010051 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2023 Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders: Diagnostic Concepts and Prospective Pilot Study on Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy. PMID:36611343 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2024 Electroacupuncture and carbamazepine for patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial DOI:10.1007/s00415-024-12433-x | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2024 Effect of acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1093/qjmed/hcae094 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lončar-Brzak 2022 Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)—Treatment with Verbal and Written Information, B Vitamins, Probiotics, and Low-Level Laser Therapy: A… DOI:10.3390/dj10030044 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lončar-Brzak 2022 Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)-Treatment with Verbal and Written Information, B Vitamins, Probiotics, and Low-Level Laser Therapy: A… PMID:35323246 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| López-D’alessandro 2011 Combination of alpha lipoic acid and gabapentin, its efficacy in the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A randomized, double-blind,… DOI:10.4317/medoral.16942 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| López-D’alessandro 2011 Combination of alpha lipoic acid and gabapentin, its efficacy in the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: a randomized, double-blind,… PMID:20711135 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| López-Jornet 2009 Efficacy of alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo‐treatment study DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01914.x | 2008 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| López-Jornet 2009 Efficacy of alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo-treatment study. PMID:18976257 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Louw 2019 DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.07.02310.1016/j.mayocp.2018.07.02330878157 | NR | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Louw 2019 Treatment of Temporomandibular Dysfunction With Hypertonic Dextrose Injection (Prolotherapy): A Randomized Controlled Trial With Long-term… PMID:30878157 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lu 2025 Efficacy and safety of photobiomodulation combined with oral cryotherapy on oral mucosa pain in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a… DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04015-z | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lu 2025 Efficacy and safety of photobiomodulation combined with oral cryotherapy on oral mucosa pain in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a… PMID:40189502 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lu 2026 Long-term efficacy of photobiomodulation in burning mouth syndrome: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106275 | 2026 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lu 2026 Long-term efficacy of photobiomodulation in burning mouth syndrome: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. PMID:41338367 | 2026 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Magri 2018 Non-specific effects and clusters of women with painful TMD responders and non-responders to LLLT: double-blind randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1007/s10103-017-2406-4 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Manafikhi 2022 Evaluation of the efficacy of platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) intra-articular injections in the management of internal derangements of… DOI:10.1186/s12891-022-05421-7 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Manafikhi 2022 Evaluation of the efficacy of platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) intra-articular injections in the management of internal derangements of… PMID:35568935 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mansano 2023 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Trigeminal Neuralgia Management: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial DOI:10.1093/pm/pnac132 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Maracci 2022 Treatment of myofascial pain with a rapid laser therapy protocol compared to occlusal splint: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1080/08869634.2020.1773661 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Maracci 2022 Treatment of myofascial pain with a rapid laser therapy protocol compared to occlusal splint: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. PMID:32491964 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Marotta 2024 Efficacy of 660 nm Photobiomodulation in Burning Mouth Syndrome Management: A Single-Blind Quasi-Experimental Controlled Clinical Trial DOI:10.1089/photob.2023.0158 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Marotta 2024 Efficacy of 660 nm Photobiomodulation in Burning Mouth Syndrome Management: A Single-Blind Quasi-Experimental Controlled Clinical Trial. PMID:38407832 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mazzetto 2007 Low Intensity Laser Application in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Phase I Double-Blind Study DOI:10.1179/crn.2007.029 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mazzetto 2007 Low intensity laser application in temporomandibular disorders: a phase I double-blind study. PMID:17696035 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nadershah 2020 Photobiomodulation Therapy for Myofascial Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial DOI:10.1007/s12663-019-01222-z | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nie 2014 A Prospective Study of X-Ray Imaging Combined with Skin Stimulation Potential-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the… DOI:10.1111/pme.12359 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nie 2014 A prospective study of X-ray imaging combined with skin stimulation potential-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the… PMID:24506258 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Oliveira 2015 Transcranial direct current stimulation and exercises for treatment of chronic temporomandibular disorders: a blind randomised‐controlled… DOI:10.1111/joor.12300 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Oliveira 2015 Transcranial direct current stimulation and exercises for treatment of chronic temporomandibular disorders: a blind randomised-controlled… PMID:25891021 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Özden 2020 Efficacy of dry needling in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders related to the masseter muscle DOI:10.1080/08869634.2018.1526848 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palmer 2024 Efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study DOI:10.3389/fneur.2024.1343093 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palmer 2024 Efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. PMID:38419716 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park 2025 Evaluating the Efficacy of a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Temporomandibular Disorders: Multicenter, Randomized, Sham-Controlled… DOI:10.2196/83545 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park 2025 Evaluating the Efficacy of a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Temporomandibular Disorders: Multicenter, Randomized, Sham-Controlled… PMID:41135079 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Punch 1984 Biofeedback and relaxation therapy for chronic temporomandibular joint pain: Predicting successful outcomes. DOI:10.1037//0022-006x.52.6.928 | 1984 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Punch 1984 Biofeedback and relaxation therapy for chronic temporomandibular joint pain: predicting successful outcomes. PMID:6394632 | 1984 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Qataya 2025 Piano level laser therapy versus epidermal growth factor injection for painful myogenic temporomandibular disorder (a randomized clinical… DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06189-5 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Qataya 2025 Effect of Nd‐ <scp>YAG</scp> Laser Versus Epidermal Growth Factor Injection on Salivary Pain Mediators in Myogenic Temporomandibular… DOI:10.1111/jop.70053 | 2025 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Qataya 2025 Effect of Nd-YAG Laser Versus Epidermal Growth Factor Injection on Salivary Pain Mediators in Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders (A… PMID:40891771 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rezazadeh 2023 Effect of Non-Ablative Non-Thermal CO <sub>2</sub> Laser on Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Pilot Study DOI:10.1089/photob.2023.0023 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ritto 2022 Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the management of temporomandibular joint closed lock and pain: a double-blind randomized… DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2021.06.020 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ritto 2022 Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the management of temporomandibular joint closed lock and pain: a double-blind randomized… PMID:34373214 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rodrigues 2019 Effects of low-power laser auriculotherapy on the physical and emotional aspects in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A blind,… DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.010 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rodrigues 2019 Effects of low-power laser auriculotherapy on the physical and emotional aspects in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A blind,… PMID:30670264 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rodríguez de Rivera-Campillo 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Rodríguez de Rivera-Campillo 2010 Response to topical clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a clinical study. PMID:22750263 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sahoo 2023 Comparison of pain reduction using occlusal splints and low-level laser therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders – A clinical… DOI:10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_349_22 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saini 2025 Effectiveness of continuous and pulse mode of ultrasound therapy in temporomandibular disorders associated myalgia—a randomized controlled… DOI:10.22514/jofph.2025.007 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saini 2025 Effectiveness of continuous and pulse mode of ultrasound therapy in temporomandibular disorders associated myalgia-a randomized controlled… PMID:40129425 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saisanen 2022 Efficacy and tolerability in patients with chronic facial pain of two consecutive treatment periods of rTMS applied over the facial motor… DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2022.03.001 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saisanen 2022 Efficacy and tolerability in patients with chronic facial pain of two consecutive treatment periods of rTMS applied over the facial motor… PMID:35339350 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sardella 2008 <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> extract in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized placebo‐controlled study DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00663.x | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sardella 2008 Hypericum perforatum extract in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized placebo-controlled study. PMID:18331283 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sen 2020 Comparison of acupuncture on specific and non‐specific points for the treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders: A randomised… DOI:10.1111/joor.12952 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sen 2020 Comparison of acupuncture on specific and non-specific points for the treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders: A randomised… PMID:32077514 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shehata 2013 Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia? DOI:10.1186/1129-2377-14-92 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shousha 2021 Effects of low-level laser therapy versus soft occlusive splints on mouth opening and surface electromyography in females with… DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0258063 | 2021 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Shukla 2025 Adjunctive 810 nm photobiomodulation with pharmacotherapy for trigeminal neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care centre DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113249 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shukla 2025 Adjunctive 810 nm photobiomodulation with pharmacotherapy for trigeminal neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care centre. PMID:40907240 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sielski 2025 Single intra-articular administration of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) in alleviating temporomandibular joint pain: A pilot… PMID:40043084 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sikora 2018 The Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burning Mouth Syndrome – A Pilot Study DOI:10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.12 | 2018 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Sikora 2018 The Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burning Mouth Syndrome - A Pilot Study. PMID:30431725 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Silvestre 2012 Application of a capsaicin rinse in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome. PMID:21743415 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Simon 2020 Short-term comparison of the 660 and 830 nm laser in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction – a randomized clinical trial DOI:10.15584/ejcem.2020.4.1 | 2021 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2021 Evaluation of Arthrocentesis with and Without Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint: A… DOI:10.1007/s12663-019-01320-y | 2019 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Sitnikova 2024 Clinical benefit of botulinum toxin for treatment of persistent <scp>TMD</scp>‐related myofascial pain: A randomized, placebo‐controlled,… DOI:10.1111/papr.13396 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sitnikova 2024 Clinical benefit of botulinum toxin for treatment of persistent TMD-related myofascial pain: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over… PMID:38963228 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Škrinjar 2020 Salivary Cortisol Levels and Burning Symptoms in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome before and after Low Level Laser Therapy: a Double… DOI:10.15644/asc54/1/5 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Škrinjar 2020 Salivary Cortisol Levels and Burning Symptoms in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome before and after Low Level Laser Therapy: a Double… PMID:32523156 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Spanemberg 2015 Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial DOI:10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.098001 | 2015 | this review only | Pain intensity; Quality of life | not extracted yet |
| Spanemberg 2015 Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. PMID:26359814 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Spanemberg 2019 Low-level laser therapy in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. PMID:30805121 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sugaya 2016 Low Intensity laser therapy in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0108 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sugaya 2016 Low Intensity laser therapy in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. PMID:27737361 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Thepsoparn 2024 Efficacy and safety profile of Onabotulinum toxin-A injection at sphenopalatine ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective… DOI:10.1186/s10194-024-01926-9 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Thepsoparn 2024 Efficacy and safety profile of Onabotulinum toxin-A injection at sphenopalatine ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective… PMID:39623300 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Turk 1993 Effects of intraoral appliance and biofeedback/stress management alone and in combination in treating pain and depression in patients with… DOI:10.1016/0022-3913(93)90012-d | 1993 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Turk 1993 Effects of intraoral appliance and biofeedback/stress management alone and in combination in treating pain and depression in patients with… PMID:8371179 | 1993 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Turner 2006 Short- and long-term efficacy of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain: A… DOI:10.1016/j.pain.2005.11.017 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Turner 2006 Short- and long-term efficacy of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain: a… PMID:16495014 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Umezaki 2016 The Efficacy of Daily Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS): A Randomized… DOI:10.1016/j.brs.2015.10.005 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Umezaki 2016 The Efficacy of Daily Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS): A Randomized… PMID:26597930 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| van Soest 2025 Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Botulinum Toxin for Temporomandibular-Related Myalgia: A Prospective Study. PMID:41226892 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Venancio 2005 Low intensity laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a double‐blind study DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01516.x | 2005 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Venezian 2010 Low Level Laser Effects On Pain to Palpation and Electromyographic Activity in TMD Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized,… DOI:10.1179/crn.2010.012 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Vingender 2023 Evaluation of the efficiency of hyaluronic acid, PRP and I-PRF intra-articular injections in the treatment of internal derangement of the… PMID:36740515 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2021 Efficacy and Safety of Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation with Different Puncture Methods for Treatment of V1 Trigeminal Neuralgia: A… PMID:33740347 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2012 Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial DOI:10.1177/0333102412441721 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yassaei 2025 Comparison of the Effect of 810 nm Diode Laser and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relieving Symptoms of Patients With… PMID:40330508 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yildiz 2024 A Comparison Between the Efficacy of Trigeminal Ganglion Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation and Ultrasound-Guided Maxillary-Mandibular Nerve… PMID:38962582 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yu 2025 Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture Combined With Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Observation of… DOI:10.1111/joor.70090 | 2025 | this review only | Pain intensity; Jaw function | not extracted yet |
| Yu 2025 Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture Combined With Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Observation of… PMID:41116718 | 2026 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zarate 2020 Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Lidocaine Injection for Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial DOI:10.1089/acm.2020.0207 | 2020 | this review only | Pain intensity | not extracted yet |
| Zarate 2020 Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Lidocaine Injection for Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. PMID:32780636 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2014 Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized,… DOI:10.1186/1129-2377-15-65 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2017 Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study DOI:10.1186/s10194-017-0793-3 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2017 Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study. PMID:28799056 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2024 Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of masticatory myositis and temporomandibular joint synovitis: A clinical trial DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101632 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2024 Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of masticatory myositis and temporomandibular joint synovitis: A clinical trial. PMID:37703917 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (18 years or older) with chronic or recurrent orofacial pain: temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia and other trigeminal neuropathic pain, persistent idiopathic facial pain | Adults with chronic or recurrent orofacial pain (n=130 studies; 6879 participants): TMD (n=79), BMS (n=29), TN (n=19), neuropathic or mixed facial pain (n=1), other facial pain phenotypes (n=2) |
| Intervention | Advanced modalities (neuromodulation, PBM/LLLT, minimally invasive procedures and injectables, pharmacological or biologic agents) and complementary or integrative approaches (acupuncture and needling, manual therapy, structured psychological interventions, multimodal programs) | PBM/LLLT; manual therapy and dry needling; acupuncture; neuromodulation and electrotherapy; injectables and intra-articular procedures; radiofrequency; pharmacological agents and supplements; digital therapeutics |
| Comparison | Sham or placebo, usual care, wait-list or no intervention, and active comparators (coded as inactive control versus active comparator) | Sham or inactive control; active comparators; no comparator in non-randomized studies |
| Outcomes | Pain intensity (primary); pain interference or disability, jaw function, quality of life, global improvement, medication use, adverse events | Pain intensity (VAS most common); jaw function; quality of life; adverse events (not reported in 37 of 130 studies) |
| Study designs | Randomized controlled trials (parallel and crossover) for pooling; non-randomized intervention studies retained for narrative evidence map; English full texts | Parallel RCTs (n=105); crossover RCTs (n=9); non-randomized intervention studies (n=16) |
| Timing | Short-term (up to 4 weeks), mid-term (more than 4 to 12 weeks), long-term (more than 12 weeks) | Predominantly short-term follow-up; pooled windows short-term, mid-term and long-term |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: Yes | NRSI: Yes · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Low | Low | yes |