Non-Cochrane · other · PM42841092
A meta-analysis of pain intensity changes after placebo interventions in facial pain.
Saluja Sabir, Kattaa Ahed H, Shih Bethany, et al. · Pain reports · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001499
Findings
41 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 90% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.000 [0.000, 0.002] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 85% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.000 [0.000, 0.002] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of −5% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.834 [0.818, 0.848] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 65% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.041 [0.034, 0.050] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of −25% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.852 [0.838, 0.866] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 70% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.037 [0.030, 0.045] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults (18 to 75 years) with facial pain of any etiology in placebo or sham arms | Placebo or sham intervention | None (within-arm change from pre-intervention baseline) | Association of baseline pain intensity with percent change in pain (meta-regression) Latest follow-up reported by each study · Clinical trials of facial pain treatments (setting not specified) | Wald chi2 = 2.02, df = 1, P = 0.155; baseline pain explained 2.9% of variability; residual I2 = 99.9%, tau2 = 471.82 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 35% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.390 [0.371, 0.410] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up | MD 29.73 [24.09, 35.36] GRADE not reported 71 studies · 2128 participants |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Association of pain duration with percentage pain reduction Latest reported follow-up · Meta-regression by pain duration | Meta-regression coefficient -0.428 [-1.288, 0.433] GRADE not reported 23 studies |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 95% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.000 [0.000, 0.002] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of −15% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.846 [0.831, 0.860] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 75% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.026 [0.020, 0.033] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 15% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.639 [0.619, 0.658] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 40% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.344 [0.325, 0.363] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 0% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.815 [0.799, 0.830] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 5% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.792 [0.776, 0.808] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Trim-and-fill sensitivity analysis; no studies imputed | MD 29.73 [24.10, 35.37] GRADE not reported 71 studies · 2128 participants |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 45% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.340 [0.321, 0.359] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 60% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.053 [0.045, 0.063] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 80% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.000 [0.000, 0.002] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of −20% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.852 [0.838, 0.866] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of −10% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.846 [0.831, 0.860] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 100% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.000 [0.000, 0.002] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · RCTs and uncontrolled case series | MD 28.85 [22.02, 35.69] GRADE not reported 115 studies · 3208 participants |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 25% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.533 [0.513, 0.553] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults (18 to 75 years) with facial pain of any etiology in placebo or sham arms | Placebo or sham intervention | None (within-arm change from pre-intervention baseline) | Association of baseline pain intensity with percent change in pain (meta-regression) Latest follow-up reported by each study · Clinical trials of facial pain treatments (setting not specified) · Sensitivity: studies with at least 2 baseline pain measurements | Wald chi2 = 1.15, df = 1, P = 0.283; baseline pain explained 1.0% of variability GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 30% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.509 [0.489, 0.529] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 10% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.700 [0.682, 0.718] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 20% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.573 [0.553, 0.592] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 50% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.259 [0.242, 0.277] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Probability of pain improvement of 55% or greater Latest reported follow-up | Probability 0.201 [0.185, 0.217] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Atypical facial pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Atypical facial pain | MD 3.24 [-2.75, 9.22] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Classical trigeminal neuralgia | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Classical trigeminal neuralgia | MD 37.86 [26.37, 49.35] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Temporomandibular disorders | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Temporomandibular disorders | MD 32.62 [25.62, 39.62] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Trigeminal neuropathic pain | Placebo or sham intervention | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Trigeminal neuropathic pain | MD 11.82 [8.37, 15.27] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham for alternative therapies | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Alternative therapies | MD 29.62 [10.73, 48.49] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham for injection or nerve block | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Injection or nerve block | MD 20.94 [7.15, 34.73] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham for medication | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Medication | MD 31.84 [24.31, 39.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham for noninvasive electrical stimulation | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Noninvasive electrical stimulation | MD 27.48 [13.54, 41.41] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with facial pain | Placebo or sham for surgery | Baseline pain before placebo or sham | Percentage change in pain intensity Latest reported follow-up · Surgery | MD 40.11 [11.66, 68.54] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
Included primary studies 116
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monteiro 2020 Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorder-Related Pain Using a 635 nm Diode Laser: A Randomized, Blinded, and… PMID:32427553 | 2020 | 4 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Barbosa 2019 Effects of 8 weeks of masticatory muscles focused endurance exercises on women with oro-facial pain and temporomandibular disorders: A… PMID:31099036 | 2019 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferreira 2017 Short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain and improves the masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular… PMID:28403351 | 2017 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Emshoff 2008 Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. PMID:18329580 | 2008 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rezazadeh 2023 Effect of Non-Ablative Non-Thermal CO2 Laser on Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Pilot Study. PMID:37335618 | 2023 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shehata 2013 Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia? PMID:24251833 | 2013 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2012 Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PMID:22492424 | 2012 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2014 Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized,… PMID:25263254 | 2014 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Amanat 2013 The adjunct therapeutic effect of lasers with medication in the management of orofacial pain: double blind randomized controlled trial. PMID:24102165 | 2013 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bertolami 1993 Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PMID:8445463 | 1993 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cahlin 2011 No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. PMID:22001199 | 2011 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chiu 2005 Efficacy of preoperative oral rofecoxib in pain control for third molar surgery. PMID:15897845 | 2005 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| da Cunha 2008 Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder. PMID:18783114 | 2008 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ebrahimi 2018 Therapeutic and Analgesic Efficacy of Laser in Conjunction With Pharmaceutical Therapy for Trigeminal Neuralgia. PMID:29399314 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gremeau-Richard 2004 Topical clonazepam in stomatodynia: a randomised placebo-controlled study. PMID:15109507 | 2004 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gupta 2014 Controlling pain during orthodontic fixed appliance therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): a randomized,… PMID:25355194 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hagenacker 2014 Patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates pain in trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:25424567 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2024 Electroacupuncture and carbamazepine for patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial. PMID:38816482 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mansano 2023 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Trigeminal Neuralgia Management: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. PMID:36029256 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Martins 2019 Low-level laser therapy (830 nm) on orthodontic pain: blinded randomized clinical trial. PMID:29998356 | 2019 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Menhinick 2004 The efficacy of pain control following nonsurgical root canal treatment using ibuprofen or a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in… PMID:15230906 | 2004 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Reeve 2024 Does the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Treatment of Myofascial Pain Disorder of the Masseters and Temporalis Muscles Reduce Pain, Improve… PMID:38228287 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Roth 1986 Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for controlling pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement. PMID:3488674 | 1986 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sipahi 2015 Comparative study in patients with symptomatic internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: analgesic outcomes of arthrocentesis… PMID:25623934 | 2015 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Smith 2007 The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular joint myofascial pain: a randomised controlled trial. PMID:17095133 | 2007 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Venezian 2010 Low level laser effects on pain to palpation and electromyographic activity in TMD patients: a double-blind, randomized,… PMID:20491229 | 2010 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zotelli 2017 Acupuncture Effect on Pain, Mouth Opening Limitation and on the Energy Meridians in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A… PMID:29078971 | 2017 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zúñiga 2013 Acute treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with onabotulinum toxin A. PMID:24045604 | 2013 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Agius 2013 A Randomized Controlled Trial comparing the efficacy of low-dose amitriptyline, amitriptyline with pindolol and surrogate placebo in the… PMID:23671895 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| al Balawi 1996 A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, study to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of atypical… PMID:8884400 | 1996 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Arantes 2009 Tenoxicam controls pain without altering orthodontic movement of maxillary canines. PMID:19154270 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| DeNucci 1998 Triazolam improves sleep but fails to alter pain in TMD patients. PMID:9656889 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| DeVocht 2013 A pilot study of a chiropractic intervention for management of chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder. PMID:24080932 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dias 2022 Effects of photobiomodulation combined with orofacial myofunctional therapy on the quality of life of individuals with temporomandibular… PMID:35416889 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Diener 2021 Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of eptinezumab in patients with a dual diagnosis of chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache:… PMID:33314079 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dolwick 2020 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Steroid Supplementation After Temporomandibular Joint… PMID:32201122 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Eslamian 2013 The analgesic effect of benzocaine mucoadhesive patches on orthodontic pain caused by elastomeric separators, a preliminary study. PMID:23301559 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Feinmann 1984 Psychogenic facial pain: presentation and treatment. PMID:6419955 | 1984 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Fricová 2013 Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. PMID:24329692 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2019 Effect of Acupuncture on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia. PMID:30720599 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gazerani 2009 Subcutaneous Botulinum toxin type A reduces capsaicin-induced trigeminal pain and vasomotor reactions in human skin. PMID:19004549 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gerschman 1994 Low level laser therapy for dentinal tooth hypersensitivity. PMID:7832682 | 1994 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Goddard 2002 Acupuncture and sham acupuncture reduce muscle pain in myofascial pain patients. PMID:11889662 | 2002 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hagberg 1986 Discomfort and bite force in painful masseter muscles after intramuscular injections of local anesthetic and saline solution. PMID:3462391 | 1986 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hansen 1990 Low power laser biostimulation of chronic oro-facial pain. A double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study in 40 patients. PMID:1708118 | 1990 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Harrison 1997 Atypical facial pain: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot study of subcutaneous sumatriptan. PMID:9169294 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hochsprung 2021 Effectiveness of monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields for multiple sclerosis-related pain: a pilot study. PMID:34238526 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hussain 2018 Immediate Effect of Continuous Ultrasound vs Sham Ultrasound for Bilateral Masseter Myalgia: A Double-Blinded Trial. PMID:29767650 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Ishaque 2024 Bilateral focused ultrasound medial thalamotomies for trigeminal neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled study. PMID:38157521 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jamtøy 2023 Onabotulinum toxin A block of the sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain: a randomized, triple-blind,… PMID:37435807 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jorns 2009 Pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (Keppra) in treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:19475723 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kanai 2006 Subcutaneous sumatriptan for refractory trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:16643550 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Kanai 2010 Lidocaine eye drops attenuate pain associated with ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia. PMID:20237042 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kang 2018 Effects of intramuscular morphine in men and women with temporomandibular disorder with myofascial pain. PMID:29920852 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Katsoulis 2010 Laser acupuncture for myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles. A controlled pilot study. PMID:20238281 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Keith 2012 Fluticasone furoate nasal spray reduces symptoms of uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis: a randomised placebo-controlled study. PMID:22614920 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kohútová 2017 Theta burst stimulation in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain: a randomized controlled trial. PMID:28937248 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kondziolka 1994 The effect of single-application topical ophthalmic anesthesia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. A randomized double-blind… PMID:8189280 | 1994 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kulekcioglu 2003 Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder. PMID:12737331 | 2003 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leenstra 2014 Doxepin rinse versus placebo in the treatment of acute oral mucositis pain in patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy with or… PMID:24733799 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lefaucheur 2004 Neurogenic pain relief by repetitive transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation depends on the origin and the site of pain. PMID:15026508 | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lindholm 2015 Right secondary somatosensory cortex-a promising novel target for the treatment of drug-resistant neuropathic orofacial pain with… PMID:25830924 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Madani 2014 Low-level laser therapy for management of TMJ osteoarthritis. PMID:24660645 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Maul 2019 Microcurrent technology for rapid relief of sinus pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. PMID:30667597 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mazzetto 2010 Measurements of jaw movements and TMJ pain intensity in patients treated with GaAlAs laser. PMID:20976388 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meltzer 2012 Mometasone furoate nasal spray increases the number of minimal-symptom days in patients with acute rhinosinusitis. PMID:22469449 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Misra 2021 Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PMID:32869214 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Montonen 2001 Disodium clodronate in the treatment of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) of the mandible. PMID:11518354 | 2001 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Moreno 2024 Daily olive oil intake is feasible to reduce trigeminal neuralgia facial pain: A pilot study. PMID:38306883 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Niki 2014 Immediate analgesic effect of 8% lidocaine applied to the oral mucosa in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:24506194 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pfaar 2012 Cyclamen europaeum nasal spray, a novel phytotherapeutic product for the management of acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized double-blind,… PMID:22469604 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Planas 1998 Oral metamizol (1 g and 2 g) versus ibuprofen and placebo in the treatment of lower third molar surgery pain: randomised double-blind… PMID:9580448 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pramod 2011 Analgesic efficacy of diazepam and placebo in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a double blind randomized clinical trial. PMID:22048580 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rampello 2018 A novel universal device"LINGUAL RING Ri.P.A.Ra" for TMDs and cranio-cervico-mandibular pains: preliminary results of a randomized control… PMID:29565472 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Reid 1994 Evaluation of iontophoretically applied dexamethasone for painful pathologic temporomandibular joints. PMID:8065724 | 1994 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rizzatti-Barbosa 2003 Clinical evaluation of amitriptyline for the control of chronic pain caused by temporomandibular joint disorders. PMID:12889679 | 2003 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Santana-Penín 2023 Remodeling dental anatomy vs sham therapy for chronic temporomandibular disorders. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. PMID:37302432 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Simpson 2000 A placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for painful HIV-associated neuropathy. PMID:10851374 | 2000 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singer 1997 A controlled evaluation of ibuprofen and diazepam for chronic orofacial muscle pain. PMID:10332320 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sperber 2000 Effectiveness of pseudoephedrine plus acetaminophen for treatment of symptoms attributed to the paranasal sinuses associated with the… PMID:11115196 | 2000 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Starling 2023 Eptinezumab improved patient-reported outcomes in patients with migraine and medication-overuse headache: Subgroup analysis of the… PMID:36633219 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stavropoulou 2014 The Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine on Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial. PMID:27335883 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
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| Ta 2004 Treatment of painful temporomandibular joints with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized placebo-controlled comparison of celecoxib… PMID:15327804 | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tchivileva 2021 Effect of comorbid migraine on propranolol efficacy for painful TMD in a randomized controlled trial. PMID:33560875 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tepper 2022 Migraine treatment with external concurrent occipital and trigeminal neurostimulation-A randomized controlled trial. PMID:35748757 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tjakkes 2007 The effect of intra-articular injection of ultracain in the temporomandibular joint in patients with preauricular pain: a randomized… PMID:17314582 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Varoni 2018 Melatonin Treatment in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. PMID:29694465 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Venekamp 2012 Systemic corticosteroid monotherapy for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. PMID:22872770 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| von Lindern 2003 Type A botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic facial pain associated with masticatory hyperactivity. PMID:12856249 | 2003 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wan 2019 High-Voltage, Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency on Gasserian Ganglion Improves Acute/Subacute Zoster-Related Trigeminal Neuralgia: A… PMID:31337167 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zakrzewska 1997 Lamotrigine (lamictal) in refractory trigeminal neuralgia: results from a double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial. PMID:9415509 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zakrzewska 2017 Safety and efficacy of a Nav1.7 selective sodium channel blocker in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a double-blind,… PMID:28216232 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2019 Triple Puncture for Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PMID:31347002 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2020 Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on jaw movement-evoked pain in patients with TMJ disc displacement without reduction… PMID:31876451 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhao 2022 Cardiovascular response to Gasserian ganglion ablation on trigeminal neuralgia under local anesthesia: a retrospective single-blind… PMID:35410169 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ziegler 2010 Analgesic effects of intra-articular morphine in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: a prospective, double-blind,… PMID:20171481 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients aged 18 to 75 years with facial pain of any etiology in English language studies with a placebo or sham intervention | 3,208 patients with facial pain receiving placebo or sham (n=115 studies); RCTs: 2,128 patients (n=71): atypical facial pain (n=6), classical trigeminal neuralgia (n=17), TMD (n=43), trigeminal neuropathic pain (n=5) |
| Intervention | Placebo or sham intervention (placebo or sham arms of facial pain treatment trials) | Placebo or sham for medication, injection or nerve block, surgery or procedure (n=4 surgical studies), alternative therapies, noninvasive neuromodulation |
| Comparison | None (within-arm percent change from baseline) | None (within-arm percent change from baseline) |
| Outcomes | Primary: percent change in pain intensity (VAS or NRS) in the placebo or sham arm; probability of achieving different degrees of pain reduction | Percent change in pain intensity (n=71 RCTs; n=115 with case series); cumulative probability of percent improvement thresholds from -25% to 100% |
| Study designs | Randomized double-blinded placebo or sham controlled trials (primary analysis); uncontrolled case series (sensitivity analysis only) | 71 RCTs (n=2,128 patients); 44 uncontrolled case series (n=1,080 patients) |
| Timing | Latest follow-up reported; studies with no follow-up beyond the immediate post-treatment period excluded | Latest follow-up; follow-up duration poorly reported in many studies |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | NR | Yes | no |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | NR | No | no |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | NR | Yes | no |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | NR | No | no |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | NR | Yes | no |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | NR | Yes | no |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | NR | No | no |
| 8Included studies described in detail | NR | Partial Yes | no |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | NR | NRSI: No · RCT: No | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | NR | No | no |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | NR | NRSI: Yes · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | NR | No | no |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | NR | No | no |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | NR | Yes | no |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | NR | Yes | no |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | NR | Yes | no |
| Overall | NR | Critically Low | no |