Cochrane Review Group

Emergency and Critical Care

93 systematic reviews in Emergency and Critical Care ask 915 questions. 15.4% have no studies to answer them, 23.6% rest on very low certainty evidence and 28.8% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

Questions

915

current versions

No studies

15.4%

Moderate or high

28.8%

No studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Adverse events – hypokalaemia · adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.38 [1.03, 1.84]	2 studies · 975 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation All‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	16 studies · 9408 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events according to International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice: range 3 d to 180 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	17 studies · 9466 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Quality of life (any measure): range 180 d to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1649 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Lung injury diagnosed after randomisation (composite outcome): range 4 d to 23 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.85, 1.38]	8 studies · 2048 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Myocardial infarction diagnosed after randomisation: range ≤ 90 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.51, 1.15]	4 studies · 5002 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Stroke diagnosed after randomisation: range 1 mo to 3 mo · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.72, 1.64]	5 studies · 6110 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [1.17, 2.93]	3 studies · 752 participants	Very low
Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation Hospital stay · people requiring tracheal intubation Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department,… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Outcomes, Time point of assessmentÂ · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR PTSD in the relatives IES (0 to 75; > 30 = presence of PTSD) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Anxiety and depression in the relatives HADS (0 to 42; subscale score > 10 (range, 0 to 21) = presence of anxiety or depression) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low

Reviews 93

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Li, D, Li, X, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018

Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

Reviews 93

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit

BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit and its impact on clinical outcomes and resource utilization

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit

Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients

Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit

Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit

Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs

Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults

Heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers for mechanically ventilated adults and children

Aerosolized prostacyclins for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

High‐volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults

Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 1. Commonly‐used classes of drugs

Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non‐asphyxial out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest

Capnography versus standard monitoring for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia

Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock

Harms of off‐label erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for critically ill people

Cough augmentation techniques for extubation or weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation

Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults

Vasopressors for hypotensive shock

High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome

Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non‐neutropenic critically ill patients

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Antithrombin III for critically ill patients

Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation