Cochrane Review Group

Emergency and Critical Care

93 systematic reviews in Emergency and Critical Care ask 915 questions. 15.4% have no studies to answer them, 23.6% rest on very low certainty evidence and 28.8% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

Questions

915

current versions

No studies

15.4%

Moderate or high

28.8%

No studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Adverse events – hypokalaemia · adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.38 [1.03, 1.84]	2 studies · 975 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation All‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	16 studies · 9408 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events according to International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice: range 3 d to 180 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	17 studies · 9466 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Quality of life (any measure): range 180 d to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1649 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Lung injury diagnosed after randomisation (composite outcome): range 4 d to 23 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.85, 1.38]	8 studies · 2048 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Myocardial infarction diagnosed after randomisation: range ≤ 90 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.51, 1.15]	4 studies · 5002 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Stroke diagnosed after randomisation: range 1 mo to 3 mo · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.72, 1.64]	5 studies · 6110 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [1.17, 2.93]	3 studies · 752 participants	Very low
Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation Hospital stay · people requiring tracheal intubation Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department,… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Outcomes, Time point of assessmentÂ · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR PTSD in the relatives IES (0 to 75; > 30 = presence of PTSD) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Anxiety and depression in the relatives HADS (0 to 42; subscale score > 10 (range, 0 to 21) = presence of anxiety or depression) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low

Reviews 93

Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients

Hewitt, N, Bucknall, T, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016

Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

Reviews 93

Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients

Thromboelastography (TEG) or thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemostatic treatment versus usual care in adults or children with bleeding

Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections in adults

Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy

Midazolam for sedation before procedures

Pre‐hospital versus in‐hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest

Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation for paediatrics

Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults

Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients

The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments

Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults

Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness

Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit

Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients

Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting

Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients

Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients

Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding patients

Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization

Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis

Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults

Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients