Cochrane Review Group

Emergency and Critical Care

93 systematic reviews in Emergency and Critical Care ask 915 questions. 15.4% have no studies to answer them, 23.6% rest on very low certainty evidence and 28.8% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

Questions

915

current versions

No studies

15.4%

Moderate or high

28.8%

No studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Adverse events – hypokalaemia · adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.38 [1.03, 1.84]	2 studies · 975 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation All‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	16 studies · 9408 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events according to International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice: range 3 d to 180 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]	17 studies · 9466 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Quality of life (any measure): range 180 d to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1649 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Lung injury diagnosed after randomisation (composite outcome): range 4 d to 23 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.85, 1.38]	8 studies · 2048 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Myocardial infarction diagnosed after randomisation: range ≤ 90 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.51, 1.15]	4 studies · 5002 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Stroke diagnosed after randomisation: range 1 mo to 3 mo · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.72, 1.64]	5 studies · 6110 participants	Very low
Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · adults admitted to the ICU Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [1.17, 2.93]	3 studies · 752 participants	Very low
Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation Hospital stay · people requiring tracheal intubation Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department,… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Outcomes, Time point of assessmentÂ · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR PTSD in the relatives IES (0 to 75; > 30 = presence of PTSD) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Anxiety and depression in the relatives HADS (0 to 42; subscale score > 10 (range, 0 to 21) = presence of anxiety or depression) measured at 3 months and > 3 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation Family presence during resuscitation (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 493 participants	Very low

Reviews 93

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest

Arrich, J, Schütz, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023

Emergency and Critical Care

Thinnest evidence

Reviews 93

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults

Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive care and operating theatre environments

Family presence during resuscitation

Interleukin‐6 blocking agents for treating COVID‐19: a living systematic review

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review

Interleukin‐1 blocking agents for treating COVID‐19

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines

High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients

Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a rapid review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults

Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults

Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults

Community first responders for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children

Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non‐pharmacological interventions

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults

Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness

Protocol‐directed sedation versus non‐protocol‐directed sedation in mechanically ventilated intensive care adults and children

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults