Cochrane Review Group

Schizophrenia

168 systematic reviews in Schizophrenia ask 2,589 questions. 23.2% have no studies to answer them, 27.8% rest on very low certainty evidence and 12.2% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

168

Questions

2,589

current versions

No studies

23.2%

Moderate or high

12.2%

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Schizophrenia

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in mental health component (proxy for binary quality of life) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 227 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in physical health component (proxy for physical health) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 237 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Personal recovery ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Experience of care/satisfaction ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (escape) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.11]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (fall down) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.15]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (choking) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.11]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control Adverse events ‐ participants with at least one adverse event ‐ < 12 months · first‐episode or recent‐onset psychosis Cognitive behavioural therapy added to standard care for first‐episode and recent‐onset psychosis (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.29 [0.85, 1.97]	1 study · 43 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics Adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Mental state ‐ general: mean endpoint overall symptoms scales (PANSS/BPRS) (high = poor) (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 125 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 2.89 [0.12, 67.75]	1 study · 90 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.12, 4.11]	2 studies · 90 participants	Very low

Reviews 168

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

Geretsegger, M, Mössler, KA, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2017

Schizophrenia

Thinnest evidence

Reviews 168

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia

Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia

Intensive case management for severe mental illness

Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia

Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia

De‐escalation techniques for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Communication skills training for mental health professionals working with people with severe mental illness

Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness

Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia

Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders

Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia

Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia

Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia

Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia

Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia

Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Valproate for schizophrenia

Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia

Haloperidol plus promethazine for psychosis‐induced aggression

Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia