Cochrane Review Group

Schizophrenia

168 systematic reviews in Schizophrenia ask 2,589 questions. 23.2% have no studies to answer them, 27.8% rest on very low certainty evidence and 12.2% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews

168

Questions

2,589

current versions

No studies

23.2%

Moderate or high

12.2%

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Search questions in Schizophrenia

Thinnest evidence

All no studies and very low questions

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in mental health component (proxy for binary quality of life) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 227 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life: average change in physical health component (proxy for physical health) · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 237 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Personal recovery ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Collaborative care vs usual care Experience of care/satisfaction ‐ not reported · severe mental illness Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (escape) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.11]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (fall down) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.15]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Structured risk assessment vs standard professional care Adverse effects (choking) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.11]	1 study · 200 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control Adverse events ‐ participants with at least one adverse event ‐ < 12 months · first‐episode or recent‐onset psychosis Cognitive behavioural therapy added to standard care for first‐episode and recent‐onset psychosis (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.29 [0.85, 1.97]	1 study · 43 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics Adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Mental state ‐ general: mean endpoint overall symptoms scales (PANSS/BPRS) (high = poor) (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 125 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 2.89 [0.12, 67.75]	1 study · 90 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.12, 4.11]	2 studies · 90 participants	Very low

Reviews 168

Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis

Garner, B, Phillips, LJ, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016

Schizophrenia

Thinnest evidence

Reviews 168

Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis

Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia

Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia

HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness

Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness

Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care

Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis

Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia

Fluphenazine (oral) versus atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

Pharmacological interventions for clozapine‐induced sinus tachycardia

Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia

Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia

Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses

'As required' medication regimens for seriously mentally ill people in hospital

Perphenazine for schizophrenia

Lithium for schizophrenia

Supportive therapy for schizophrenia

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for schizophrenia

Social skills programmes for schizophrenia

Treatments for delusional disorder

Haloperidol versus first‐generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

Psychoeducation for siblings of people with severe mental illness