Cochrane · systematic review · CD005474
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia
Bryan, EJ, Purcell, MA, Kumar, A · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2017 · Cochrane Library
SchizophreniaAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
84
current version
GRADE rated
25
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 59 · 70.2%Very low 22 · 26.2%Low 3 · 3.6%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus placebo
Population: people with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (extrapyramidal effects ‐ UKU side effect rating scale) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | RR 6.07 [0.86, 43.04] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: Duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.6] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus chlorpromazine
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (CGI‐SI, high score not reported, average score = 2.2) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.45] | 3 studies · 199 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (BPRS, high score = 34.2) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 221 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | RR 0.54 [0.36, 0.81] | 6 studies · 766 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus chlorprothixene
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | RR 1 [0.34, 2.93] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus clozapine
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 407 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs clozapine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus haloperidol
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (CGI, mean score = 1.25) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | RR 0.99 [0.72, 1.35] | 2 studies · 141 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus perphenazine
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs requiring medication ‐ medium term) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | RR 1.9 [1.12, 3.22] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason, short and medium term) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | RR 0.63 [0.27, 1.47] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs perphenazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus risperidone
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect ‐ short term (EPSEs requiring medication) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | RR 1.92 [1.12, 3.28] | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (PANSS, average score = 20.5) ‐ medium term Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Leaving the study early (any reason, short and medium term) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | RR 1.3 [0.84, 2.02] | 3 studies · 154 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs risperidone | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus sulpiride
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (CGI ‐ unchanged/worse) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | RR 1.18 [0.49, 2.85] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect ‐ requiring hypnotics/sedatives Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | RR 0.6 [0.27, 1.32] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (BPRS) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | RR 2.07 [0.97, 4.4] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus thiothixene
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (unchanged/worse ‐ CGI) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | RR 0.5 [0.17, 1.46] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.35] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus trifluoperazine
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride versus zuclopenthixol depot
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early (any reason) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | RR 1.95 [0.36, 10.58] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) versus Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer)
Population: schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | RR 1.34 [0.82, 2.18] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early: Any reason Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | RR 2.15 [0.49, 9.41] | 4 studies · 140 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |