Search review questions

Enamel remineralization / carious lesion development · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · biofilm cariogenic challenge 5 days, In vitro (laboratory), Overall

Dental caries (prevalence) · Adults · Population-based and clinical dental study samples; multiple countries (1994-2022), Overall

Dental caries (early childhood caries) · Preschool children (<6 years) · Preschool children in high- and middle-income countries; caries assessed in clinical or field/community settings, Case-control studies

Pain day 1 · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 7 days

Dental caries / early childhood caries (ECC) · Children (approx. 4-18 years) · Dental examinations of children; 15 countries across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Oceania, Region: American countries

Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 30 months, Primary dentition

Dental caries prevalence (any dmft), dichotomous · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts) · Brazil

Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months

Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 30 months, Adults

Cell death / cytotoxicity induction · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms) · in vitro (laboratory)

Somatisation · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Disc displacement with reduction (DDwR)

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level · Preschool children ≤6 years

Reduction in occurrence of oral conditions · Human patients (any age) with oral-cavity related disorders (e.g. dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis,… · Various countries; clinical trials of the oral microbiome/genetics, Overall

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months

Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)

Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 48 hours to 30 months, Children

Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)

Enamel surface microhardness · Human tooth enamel specimens with early demineralised lesions (in vitro) · Laser applied after demineralisation (no further acid challenge), In vitro (laboratory), demineralised enamel

Dental caries / early childhood caries (ECC) · Children (approx. 4-18 years) · Dental examinations of children; 15 countries across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Oceania, Sample size: <900

Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment

Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care · 3 months (change from baseline)

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries · Over-dominant model (TT+CC vs TC), Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India), Mixed dentition

Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months, Mature teeth

Mother caries (DMFT increment) · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6…

Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years · Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years)

Biofilm morphology or biomass · Streptococcus mutans cultures and biofilms · In vitro laboratory studies

Dental caries (prevalence) · Adults · Population-based and clinical dental study samples; multiple countries (1994-2022), Male

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency prevalence · Meta-regression adjusted estimate

Dental caries · Primary school children in Ethiopia · Schools; Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Finote Selam, Harer, Debre Birhan, North Showa)

Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 36 months, Permanent dentition (coronal)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months, Immature teeth

Dental caries (prevalence) · Adults · Population-based and clinical dental study samples; multiple countries (1994-2022), Severe periodontitis

Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Middle East, Region: Middle East

Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries · Recessive model (TT vs TC+CC), Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India), Asian ethnicity

Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)

Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 18 months, Primary dentition

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries · Allelic model (C vs A), Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India)

Decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) · Periodontal disease severity (CDC-AAP); single study (Robert 2019); adjusted

Streptococcus viridans count (CFU/mL) · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease · 6 months, Healthy children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without systemic disease; RCTs from multiple countries (India, Thailand, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Poland, Colombia, Saudi Arabia); mostly school/community and clinic settings, Single study (Mishra 2014); not pooled

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Periodontal disease - novel loci (meta-analysis) · Adults from Japanese and European cohorts (present study + GLIDE + UK Biobank + BioBank Japan); periodontal disease… · Lifelong (germline genotype), Population-based genetic association study (Japanese + European cohorts), Meta-analysis: present study + GLIDE + UKB + BBJ

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; 16 countries; studies 1997-2024, Overall (all 24 studies; random-effects)

Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (coronal)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Region: America/Canada/Brazil/Chile

Use of alternative/indigenous mouth-cleaning implements · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs · Cross-sectional, Urban slums and non-slum/general-urban settings, LMICs, Rural/slum vs urban

Adverse effects · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 7 days

Enamel mineral loss · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro) · After cariogenic acid challenge / pH cycling, In vitro (laboratory)

Streptococcus mutans mean levels/counts · Children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate