Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38589811
Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bahardoust Mansour, Salari Salar, Ghotbi Nader, et al. · BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06477-0
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
16
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
16
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 16 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Infants and children (aged 2 to 8 years) | Infants and children (2 to 8 years) from 12 studies; 11,021 participants (mothers and children); mean maternal age 26.1 years |
| Intervention | Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy; deficiency defined as <35 or <50 nmol/L) | Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (pooled prevalence 32%; deficiency mostly defined as <=35 nmol/L, some <=50 nmol/L) |
| Comparison | Adequate/normal prenatal vitamin D level | Adequate prenatal vitamin D level |
| Outcomes | Dental caries in children | Dental caries in children (prevalence 44% with PVDD vs 25% with adequate prenatal vitamin D) |
| Study designs | Original human observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional); reviews, meta-analyses, animal/laboratory studies, case reports and non-English studies excluded | 12 observational studies (10 prospective cohort, 1 retrospective cohort, 1 cross-sectional); mostly developed countries; Newcastle-Ottawa quality mostly good/fair (n=12) |
| Timing | Prenatal exposure; dental caries outcome in childhood (2 to 8 years) | Maternal 25(OH)D measured mostly at gestational weeks 24 to 38; children assessed at 2 to 8 years |
Search date: 5 October 2023 (search range 2000 to October 2023). Databases: PubMed; Scopus; Web of Science; Embase; Google Scholar
Questions and results
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (PVDD) vs Normal or sufficient prenatal vitamin D level
Population: Children aged 2 to 8 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries prevalence Maternal pregnancy to child age 2 to 8 years · Children of mothers with sufficient prenatal vitamin D The review reported 25% dental caries prevalence among children of mothers with sufficient prenatal vitamin D. Source: Results: Prevalence of prenatal vitamin D deficiency (Fig. 2) · same question in other reviews | Proportion 0.25 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence Maternal pregnancy to child age 2 to 8 years · Children of mothers with low prenatal vitamin D The review reported 44% dental caries prevalence among children of mothers with low prenatal vitamin D. Source: Results: Prevalence of prenatal vitamin D deficiency (Fig. 2) · same question in other reviews | Proportion 0.44 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Prenatal exposure; dental caries assessed in children aged 2 to 8 years · Overall (all studies pooled) Population: Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries in children (pooled OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.47), but heterogeneity is high (I2=86.6%) and publication bias is present; the observational evidence is ungraded. Source: Results 'Prenatal vitamin D and children's DC' (OR 1.35); 'Prevalence of prenatal vitamin D deficiency' (44% vs 25%); Abstract; Fig. 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.35 [1.22, 1.47] 0.25 vs 0.44 | 12 studies · 11021 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries Maternal pregnancy to child age 2 to 8 years · Meta-regression adjusted for gestational age, child age, and maternal vitamin D level After adjustment for the stated covariates, the review reported an estimate of 1.28 for dental caries risk. Source: Results: Prenatal vitamin D and children’s DC · same question in other reviews | OR 1.28 [1.23, 1.33] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Prenatal exposure; dental caries in children aged 2 to 8 years · Publication-bias adjustment: Trim & Fill corrected pooled estimate Population: Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy After Trim & Fill correction for publication bias, the association persisted (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.48); ungraded. Source: Results 'Prenatal vitamin D and children's DC' (Egger test; Trim & Fill); Fig. 4 (funnel plot) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.28 [1.14, 1.48] | NR | Ungraded |
Not applicable vs Not applicable
Population: Pregnant mothers
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency prevalence Pregnancy · Overall The review reported a pooled prenatal vitamin D deficiency prevalence of 32%. Source: Results: Prevalence of prenatal vitamin D deficiency (Fig. 2) · same question in other reviews | Proportion 0.32 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Prenatal exposure; dental caries at 4 to 6 years · Children's age subgroup: 4 to 6 years Population: Children aged 4 to 6 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed Among children aged 4-6 years, prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.56); ungraded. Source: Results 'Sub-group analysis' (children 4-6 years); Fig. 5 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.44 [1.32, 1.56] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)
Population: Children aged 6 to 8 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in children Prenatal exposure; dental caries at 6 to 8 years · Children's age subgroup: 6 to 8 years In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded. Source: Results 'Sub-group analysis' (children 6-8 years); Fig. 5 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.07 [0.84, 1.30] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 6 to 38) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)
Population: Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries in children Maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 6 to 38 · Gestational-age subgroup: weeks 6 to 38 For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 6-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.32 (no CI reported); ungraded. Source: Results 'Sub-group analysis' (gestational age 6-38 weeks); Fig. 6 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.32 [1.04, 1.59] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency measured at 6 to 38 gestational weeks vs Normal or sufficient prenatal vitamin D level
Population: Children aged 2 to 8 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Maternal gestational weeks 6 to 38 · Vitamin D measurement at 6 to 38 gestational weeks The review reported an OR of 1.32 when prenatal vitamin D was measured at 6 to 38 gestational weeks. Source: Results: Sub-group analysis (Fig. 6) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.32 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38 · Gestational-age subgroup: weeks 24 to 38 Population: Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 24-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.30 (no CI reported); ungraded. Source: Results 'Sub-group analysis' (gestational age 24-38 weeks); Fig. 6 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.30 [1.15, 1.45] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D level ≤35 nmol/L vs Normal or sufficient prenatal vitamin D level
Population: Children aged 2 to 8 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Maternal pregnancy to child age 2 to 8 years · Vitamin D threshold ≤35 nmol/L The review reported a slightly higher odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤35 nmol/L than at ≤50 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources. Source: Results: Sub-group analysis (Fig. 7) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.36 [1.20, 1.53] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D level ≤50 nmol/L vs Normal or sufficient prenatal vitamin D level
Population: Children aged 2 to 8 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Maternal pregnancy to child age 2 to 8 years · Vitamin D threshold ≤50 nmol/L The review reported a lower odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤50 nmol/L than at ≤35 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources. Source: Results: Sub-group analysis (Fig. 7) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.30 [1.17, 1.43] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries prevalence in children Meta-regression adjusted estimate | Proportion 0.21 [0.16, 0.26] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries in children Children's age subgroup: 2 to 4 years | OR 1.20 [1.04, 1.36] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency prevalence Meta-regression adjusted estimate | Proportion 0.38 [0.30, 0.46] | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 16
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navarro 2021 Associations Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Early Childhood Vitamin D Status and Risk of Dental Caries at 6 Years. PMID:33982112 | 2 other reviews | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Beckett 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Beckett 2022 Dental Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency during Pregnancy and Early Infancy-An Observational Study. PMID:35206117 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Christensen 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Korun 2017 Interobserver agreement of the TASC II classification for supra- and infrainguinal lesions. PMID:20171910 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olczak-Kowalczyk 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olczak-Kowalczyk 2021 Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study. PMID:33834312 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth 2014 Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants DOI:10.1542/peds.2013-2215 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth 2020 Direct measurement of the accuracy of CO(2)laser alignment on target. PMID:20208613 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth 2020 The Influence of Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation on Dental Caries in Infants. PMID:33326371 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Silva 2019 Tecovirimat, a p37 envelope protein inhibitor for the treatment of smallpox infection. PMID:20191435 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Silva 2019 Genetic and Early-Life Environmental Influences on Dental Caries Risk: A Twin Study. PMID:31028158 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Singleton 2019 Association of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Early Childhood Caries. PMID:30870599 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Singleton 2022 Impact of a Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation Program on Vitamin D Deficiency, Rickets and Early Childhood Caries in an Alaska Native… PMID:36235588 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Suarez-Calleja 2021 Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort. PMID:34479530 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka 2015 Higher vitamin D intake during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of dental caries in young Japanese children DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.020 | this review only | Dental caries in children | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).