Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38305424
The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ji Shuaiqi, Zhao Kai, Ma Lei, et al. · Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.b4928565
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
13
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
12
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 13 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Preschool children (≤6 years old) with and without ECC | Preschool children ≤6 years (n=11 studies; 8821 children) |
| Intervention | Diagnosis of ECC (exposure); serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status | ECC and severe ECC; serum 25(OH)D categories <50, 50–75, ≥75 nmol/l |
| Comparison | Caries-free children (preschoolers without ECC) | Caries-free children; higher 25(OH)D category |
| Outcomes | Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level; proportion/odds of ECC by 25(OH)D category | Serum 25(OH)D weighted mean difference and odds of ECC (5 meta-analyses; 11 studies in review, 10 pooled) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (case-control, cross-sectional, cohort) | 7 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, 1 cohort (n=11) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
Search date: December 2021 to February 2022. Databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar
Questions and results
Children with early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free children
Population: Preschool children ≤6 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level Preschool children with ECC had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -13.96 nmol/l; ungraded). Source: Fig 2 (forest); Results, Vitamin D Comparison Between ECC and Caries-free Groups · same question in other reviews | MD -13.96 [-19.88, -8.03] | 9 studies · 3444 participants | Ungraded |
Children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) vs Caries-free children
Population: Preschool children ≤6 years, Asia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level Asia In Asia, children with S-ECC had lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -19.25 nmol/l; ungraded). Source: Results, Comparison of Vitamin D Levels between S-ECC and Caries-free Groups (Fig 6, region subgroup) · same question in other reviews | MD -19.25 [-20.75, -17.76] | NR | Ungraded |
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level North America Population: Preschool children ≤6 years, North America In North America, children with S-ECC had lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -13.28 nmol/l; ungraded). Source: Results, Comparison of Vitamin D Levels between S-ECC and Caries-free Groups (Fig 6, region subgroup) · same question in other reviews | MD -13.28 [-17.70, -8.87] | NR | Ungraded |
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level Population: Preschool children ≤6 years Children with severe ECC had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -18.64 nmol/l; ungraded). Source: Fig 5 (forest); Results, Comparison of Vitamin D Levels between S-ECC and Caries-free Groups · same question in other reviews | MD -18.64 [-20.06, -17.22] | 7 studies · 1658 participants | Ungraded |
Serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l vs Serum 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l
Population: Preschool children ≤6 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early childhood caries (ECC) Serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l (vs 50–75 nmol/l) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 1.47; ungraded). Source: Fig 7a (forest); Results, Rate of ECC with Different Levels of 25(OH)D · same question in other reviews | OR 1.47 [1.30, 1.66] | 6 studies · 5265 participants | Ungraded |
Serum 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l vs Serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/l
Population: Preschool children ≤6 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early childhood caries (ECC) Serum 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l (vs ≥75 nmol/l) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 1.42; ungraded). Source: Fig 7b (forest); Results, Rate of ECC with Different Levels of 25(OH)D · same question in other reviews | OR 1.42 [1.26, 1.60] | 6 studies · 5746 participants | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) North America Population: Preschool children ≤6 years, North America In North America, 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l (vs ≥75) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 2.09; ungraded). Source: Fig 7b subgroup 5.1.1 North America (forest) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.09 [1.55, 2.82] | 3 studies · 750 participants | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) Asia and Europe Population: Preschool children ≤6 years, Asia and Europe In Asia and Europe, 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l (vs ≥75) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 1.32; ungraded). Source: Fig 7b subgroup 5.1.2 Asia and Europe (forest) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.32 [1.17, 1.50] | 3 studies · 4996 participants | Ungraded |
Serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l vs Serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/l
Population: Preschool children ≤6 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early childhood caries (ECC) Serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l (vs ≥75 nmol/l) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 2.00; ungraded). Source: Fig 7c (forest); Results, Rate of ECC with Different Levels of 25(OH)D · same question in other reviews | OR 2.00 [1.76, 2.28] | 6 studies · 4807 participants | Ungraded |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free Cross-sectional studies (Fig 3) | Mean difference -6.10 [-8.02, -4.19] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free Case-control studies (Fig 3) | Mean difference -18.82 [-20.30, -17.33] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free Region: Asia (Fig 4) | Mean difference -14.14 [-15.37, -12.90] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free Region: North America (Fig 4) | Mean difference -13.10 [-16.97, -9.23] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 12
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaur Navarro et al. 2021 Associations Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Early Childhood Vitamin D Status and Risk of Dental Caries at 6 Years. PMID:33982112 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth et al. 2012 The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: a pilot study. PMID:22811377 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth et al. 2013 Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. PMID:24160554 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Seminario et al. 2018 Suboptimal Serum Vitamin D Associated with Early Childhood Caries in Special Health Care Needs Children. PMID:30869584 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ahmed et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ahmed HS et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ahmed S et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chen et al. 2021 Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou. PMID:34079788 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chhonkar et al. 2018 Comparison of Vitamin D Level of Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries and Children with No Caries. PMID:30131641 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hussein et al. 2021 Serum and Saliva 25(OH)D Levels in Relation to Dental Caries in Young Children. PMID:34996107 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jha et al. 2021 Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood… PMID:34934277 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Williams et al. 2021 Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children. PMID:34960016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).