Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM37858104
Correlation between vitamin D levels in serum and the risk of dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Zizhan, Wei Xiao, Shao Zhongjun, et al. · BMC oral health · 2023 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03422-z
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
8
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
13
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 8 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Children under 19 years old (deciduous teeth <6 years; mixed dentition 6 to 12 years; permanent teeth >12 years) | Children (n=13 studies; 19205 participants; mean ages 1 to 19 years; 47.3% to 75.0% male) |
| Intervention | Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) | Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) |
| Comparison | Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) | Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) |
| Outcomes | Dental caries (caries; decayed, missing, filled teeth; DMFT/DMFS; caries experience or prevalence), reported as RR with 95% CI | Dental caries risk (pooled unadjusted RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.25; adjusted RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.22) |
| Study designs | Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies | 5 cohort, 5 cross-sectional, 3 case-control (n=13) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
Search date: 6 January 2023 (no time restrictions). Databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library
Questions and results
Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)
Population: Children (<19 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Children with vitamin D deficiency had a 22% higher risk of dental caries than those with normal vitamin D levels (unadjusted RR 1.22; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of meta-analysis; Fig 2a · same question in other reviews | RR 1.22 [1.18, 1.25] | 13 studies · 19205 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries Cohort studies Among cohort studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 62% higher risk of dental caries (RR 1.62; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 3 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.62 [1.51, 1.74] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Cross-sectional studies Among cross-sectional studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 19% higher risk of dental caries (RR 1.19; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 3 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.19 [1.14, 1.24] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Permanent dentition Population: Children with permanent dentition (>12 years) In children with permanent dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 28% higher caries risk (RR 1.28; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 4 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.28 [1.21, 1.35] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Deciduous dentition Population: Children with deciduous dentition (<6 years) In children with deciduous dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 68% higher caries risk (RR 1.68; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 4 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.68 [1.57, 1.79] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Mixed dentition Population: Children with mixed dentition (6 to 12 years) In children with mixed dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an 8% higher caries risk (RR 1.08; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 4 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.08 [1.04, 1.12] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries Adjusted for confounders After adjustment for confounders, vitamin D deficiency remained associated with a higher risk of dental caries (adjusted RR 1.16; ungraded). Source: Results, The results of meta-analysis; Fig 2b · same question in other reviews | RR 1.16 [1.10, 1.22] | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries Case-control studies Among case-control studies, the association was weak and borderline (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09; ungraded). Source: Abstract; Results, The results of subgroup analysis; Fig 3 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.05 [1.00, 1.09] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 13
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaur Navarro et al. 2021 Associations Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Early Childhood Vitamin D Status and Risk of Dental Caries at 6 Years. PMID:33982112 | 2 other reviews | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth et al. 2012 The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: a pilot study. PMID:22811377 | 1 other review | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth et al. 2013 Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. PMID:24160554 | 1 other review | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Seminario et al. 2018 Suboptimal Serum Vitamin D Associated with Early Childhood Caries in Special Health Care Needs Children. PMID:30869584 | 1 other review | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Akinkugbe et al. 2019 Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents. PMID:30537281 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Carvalho Silva et al. 2021 Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Dental Caries in 7-Year-Old Children in Porto Metropolitan Area. PMID:33430295 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Deane (Rodd) et al. 2017 Combined deficiencies of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anemia in preschool children with severe early childhood caries: A case-control study. PMID:29769814 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Dudding et al. 2015 Re-Examining the Association between Vitamin D and Childhood Caries. PMID:26692013 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gyll et al. 2018 Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy Swedish children. PMID:29338758 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Herzog et al. 2016 Association of vitamin D and dental caries in children: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. PMID:26827077 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kim et al. 2018 A cross-sectional study on the association between vitamin D levels and caries in the permanent dentition of Korean children. PMID:29534753 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schroth et al. 2016 Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Children. PMID:26553883 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wagner et al. 2016 Evaluation of an interdisciplinary preventive programme for early childhood caries: findings of a regional German birth cohort study. PMID:26662355 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).