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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: leflunomide vs placebo, 6 months HAQ change (0‐3 scale) · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 679 participants | High |
Summary of findings: leflunomide vs placebo, 6 months Pain change (0‐100 mm VAS) · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 724 participants | High |
Summary of findings: leflunomide vs placebo, 6 months Radiographic change (Change in Sharp score) · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.91, 1.66] | 1 study · 380 participants | High |
Summary of findings: leflunomide vs placebo, 6 months Withdrawals due to adverse events · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 727 participants | High |
Summary of findings: leflunomide + methotrexate vs methotrexate, 6 months For outcome · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: leflunomide + methotrexate vs methotrexate, 6 months ACR 50 at 6 months · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | RR 4.35 [2.09, 9.03] | 1 study · 263 participants | High |
Summary of findings: leflunomide + methotrexate vs methotrexate, 6 months HAQ change Range of HAQ: 0‐3 scale (6 months) · adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 263 participants | High |
Prednisone vs prednisone and plasma exchange (Gajdos 1983) Score (MMS) day 30 Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Prednisone vs prednisone and plasma exchange (Gajdos 1983) Score (MMS) month 12 Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
IVIg vs plasma exchange Week 1 Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
IVIg vs plasma exchange Week 4 Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
PE vs IVIg Change in score (MMS) day 0 to day 15 Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | High |
PE vs no plasma exchange before thymectomy (Kamel 2009) Duration of MV (days) Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
PE vs no plasma exchange before thymectomy (Kamel 2009) Duration of ICU stay (days) Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis (2002) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Preprosthetic surgery for a conventional denture (PPS) vs Implant retained overdenture (dental implants) (IRO) Morbidity: altered sensation of the lower lip and chin · Edentulous patients requiring improved denture retention · 1 year; 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: preprosthetic surgery versus dental implants (2002) · Cochrane | Morbidity: altered lower lip and chin sensation, measured at 1 year and 5 years (Risk Ratio, M-H Fixed; totals not selected). There was no statistically significant difference at either time point and no patients had… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Preprosthetic surgery for a conventional denture (PPS) vs Implant retained overdenture (dental implants) (IRO) Overall denture satisfaction (0-10 scale) · Edentulous patients requiring improved denture retention · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: preprosthetic surgery versus dental implants (2002) · Cochrane | MD -0.66 [-1.28, -0.04] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Preprosthetic surgery for a conventional denture (PPS) vs Implant retained overdenture (dental implants) (IRO) Dissatisfied with lower denture · Edentulous patients requiring improved denture retention · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: preprosthetic surgery versus dental implants (2002) · Cochrane | RR 3.75 [0.85, 16.55] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Preprosthetic surgery for a conventional denture (PPS) vs Implant retained overdenture (dental implants) (IRO) Dissatisfied with retention of denture · Edentulous patients requiring improved denture retention · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: preprosthetic surgery versus dental implants (2002) · Cochrane | RR 2.41 [0.84, 6.95] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Global state: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ Short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.92, 2.83] | 8 studies · 274 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Global state: 2. Relapse ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 3.12 [0.34, 28.36] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 282 participants | Ungraded |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ medium term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effect: 2. General ‐ Short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 5.42 [0.27, 107.2] | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 3. Specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.7, 3.84] | 8 studies · 274 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Committed suicide by three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.05, 5.56] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 8.35 [2.03, 34.3] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.81] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.75, 0.96] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ telephone prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.66, 1.07] | 2 studies · 447 participants | Moderate |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ text‐based prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.43, 1.32] | 3 studies · 326 participants | Moderate |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ combination of telephone and text‐based prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.42, 1.17] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
TELEPHONE PROMPTS vs TEXT‐BASED PROMPTS (ORIENTATION STATEMENT) Did not attend appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [0.98, 3.8] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ any time before appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.89, 2.92] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ one day before appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.78, 5.15] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ three days before · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.64, 2.93] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
ANY PROMPT vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.65, 0.98] | 4 studies · 789 participants | Moderate |
Corticosteroids or ACTH vs placebo Worse or unimproved within 5 weeks from randomisation · multiple sclerosis patients with acute exacerbations Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (2000) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.24, 0.57] | 5 studies · 330 participants | Moderate |
Corticosteroids or ACTH vs placebo Mean disability (EDSS) score—at 1 week after randomisation · multiple sclerosis patients with acute exacerbations Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (2000) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Moderate |
Corticosteroids or ACTH vs placebo Participants with new exacerbations during · multiple sclerosis patients with acute exacerbations Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (2000) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [0.57, 5.19] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |