Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38987729
Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yirsaw Amalku Nigussie, Bogale Eyob Ketema, Tefera Mitiku, et al. · BMC oral health · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04555-5
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
12
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
10
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 12 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Primary school children in Ethiopia | Primary school children in Ethiopia (7 studies; 3,711 children; primary studies 2000-2022) |
| Intervention | Prevalence objective: not applicable (descriptive). Associated-factors objective: exposures/risk factors for dental caries (dietary, oral-hygiene, behavioral, academic, microbial) | 8 pooled associated factors: high sweet intake, poor tooth cleaning, grade 1-4, toothache history, no toothpaste use, academic-score reduction, high microbial load, acidic bacillary pH (n=7) |
| Comparison | Prevalence: not applicable. Associated factors: children with vs without the factor | Children with vs without each factor (single-group pooled for prevalence) |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of dental caries; factors associated with dental caries (odds ratios) | Pooled prevalence 35% (95% CI 27-43); 8 pooled odds ratios (7 significant, 1 non-significant) |
| Study designs | Observational (cross-sectional) studies; PRISMA-guided selection; risk of bias by Hoy 2012 tool and JBI critical-appraisal checklist | 7 cross-sectional studies (all cross-sectional); JBI scores 7-9; Hoy 2012 risk of bias low in 4 and moderate in 3 |
| Timing | Point prevalence (cross-sectional) | Point prevalence; primary studies conducted 2000-2022 |
Search date: January 2024. Databases: Google Scholar; PubMed; Scopus; MEDLINE; Cochrane Library
Questions and results
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries, prevalence Sampling technique: systematic random sampling Among studies using systematic random sampling, the pooled prevalence of dental caries was 35% (ungraded; CI not reported). Source: Results 'Prevalence...' and 'Characteristics of the studies'; Fig. 4 (subgroup by sampling technique; image not available); Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 30 [15, 44] | 2 studies · 554 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries, prevalence Sampling technique: multi-stage random sampling Among studies using multi-stage random sampling, the pooled prevalence of dental caries was 30% (ungraded; CI not reported). Source: Results 'Prevalence...' and 'Characteristics of the studies'; Fig. 4 (subgroup by sampling technique; image not available); Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 21 [19, 23] | 1 study · 1736 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries, prevalence Sampling technique: simple random sampling Among studies using simple random sampling, the pooled prevalence of dental caries was 42% (ungraded; CI not reported). Source: Results 'Prevalence...' and 'Characteristics of the studies'; Fig. 4 (subgroup by sampling technique; image not available); Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 42 [35, 49] | 4 studies · 1421 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries, prevalence Overall (all included studies) The pooled prevalence of dental caries among primary school children in Ethiopia was 35% (95% CI 27-43), with very high heterogeneity (I2=95.93%); ungraded. Source: Results 'Prevalence of dental caries among primary school children in Ethiopia'; Abstract; Fig. 2 (forest plot); Table 1 (participant sum) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 35 [27, 43] | 7 studies · 3711 participants | Ungraded |
High intake of sweets vs Lower/less intake of sweets
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries A high intake of sweets was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.968-3.451; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.71 [1.968, 3.451] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Poor habit of tooth cleaning vs Good tooth-cleaning habit
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries A poor tooth-cleaning habit was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 3.90, 95% CI 2.761-5.045; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 3.90 [2.761, 5.045] | NR | Ungraded |
Grade level 1-4 (first cycle) vs Grade level 5 or above
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Being in grade levels 1-4 was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.523-3.397; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.46 [1.523, 3.397] | NR | Ungraded |
History of toothache vs No history of toothache
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries A history of toothache was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.679-3.314; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.99 [2.679, 3.314] | NR | Ungraded |
Absence of toothpaste use vs Toothpaste use
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Absence of toothpaste use was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.42, 95% CI -1.278 to 4.109, p=0.3029; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 1.42 [-1.278, 4.109] | NR | Ungraded |
Reduction in previous year's academic score vs No reduction in academic score
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in previous year's academic score Dental caries was associated with higher odds of a reduction in the previous year's academic score (OR 5.51, 95% CI 1.952-9.066; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 5.51 [1.952, 9.066] | NR | Ungraded |
Significant salivary microbial (Lactobacillus) load vs No/low significant microbial load
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries A significant salivary microbial (Lactobacillus) load was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 3.82, 95% CI 3.439-4.192; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 3.82 [3.439, 4.192] | NR | Ungraded |
Acidic bacillary pH on teeth vs Non-acidic bacillary pH
Population: Primary school children in Ethiopia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries Acidic bacillary pH on the teeth was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.494-3.335; ungraded). Source: Results 'Pooled effect size'; Table 4 (pooled odds ratios of associated factors) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.42 [1.494, 3.335] | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 10
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teshome 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ademe 2020 Analysis of salivary level Lactobacillus spp. and associated factors as determinants of dental caries amongst primary school children in… PMID:31948433 | 1 other review | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aynalem 2020 Magnitude of Dental Caries and Its Associated Factors Among Governmental Primary School Children in Debre Berhan Town, North-East Ethiopia. PMID:32765157 | 1 other review | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mulu 2014 Dental caries and associated factors among primary school children in Bahir Dar city: a cross-sectional study. PMID:25540044 | 1 other review | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ademe 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shitie 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shitie 2021 [Immunogenicity and toxicity of soluble trichloroacetic acid precipitate from pertussis microbes and its fractions]. PMID:202117 | this review only | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Simon 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Simon 2022 Assessment of the oral health status of school children in Addis Ababa. PMID:15227890 | this review only | Dental caries, prevalence | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Teshome 2016 Patterns of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and other substance use among Chinese university students in Hong Kong. PMID:12202016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Dental caries and associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) | 4 | 0.14 |
| Prevalence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in East Africa, 2000-2020: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2021) | 1 | 0.01 |