Non-Cochrane · prevalence · PM33579186
Dental caries and associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zewdu Tesfu, Abu Duresa, Agajie Mulatu, et al. · Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12199-021-00943-3
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
22
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 9 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | People of all ages in Ethiopia (irrespective of occupation and sex); English-language articles; studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2000 to 30 September 2020 | 13 cross-sectional studies; 6950 participants; age range 6-100 years; across 6 regions of Ethiopia (Amhara, Addis Ababa, Tigray, Oromia, SNNPR, Harar) |
| Intervention | Prevalence of dental caries (no intervention); exposures for associated-factor analyses: sweet food consumption, dental plaque, tooth-cleaning habit | Prevalence estimated; associated factors analyzed: sweet food consumption (4 studies), dental plaque (3 studies), tooth-cleaning habit (5 studies) |
| Comparison | Not applicable for prevalence; reference (non-exposed) groups for associated factors | Reference groups: no/less sweet food consumption; absence of dental plaque; no tooth-cleaning habit |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of dental caries (dichotomized present/absent by oral examination); associated factors reported >=3 studies expressed as adjusted odds ratios | Pooled caries prevalence 40.98% (95% CI 31.62-50.34); associated-factor odds ratios: sweet food OR 2.4 (1.91-3.01), dental plaque OR 5.14 (0.67-39.39), tooth cleaning OR 0.71 (0.17-2.96) |
| Study designs | Observational epidemiological (burden) studies conducted in Ethiopia (community-, school-, and hospital/clinic-based) | 13 cross-sectional studies; quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (score >5/10) and Hoy et al. 10-item risk-of-bias tool for prevalence studies |
| Timing | Prevalence assessed cross-sectionally; literature searched from 2000 up to 30 September 2020 | Included studies conducted between 2000 and 2020 |
Search date: Up to 30 September 2020. Databases: ScienceDirect; PubMed; Google Scholar; Embase; HINARI; Cochrane Library
Questions and results
Comparison
Population: General population in Ethiopia (all ages, age range 6-100 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries prevalence Others (Oromia, Harar town, SNNPR) Caries prevalence in other regions (Oromia, Harar, SNNPR) was 42.90% (95% CI 24.68 to 61.12); certainty not graded. Source: Fig. 3 (subgroup forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.4290 [0.2468, 0.6112] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence The pooled prevalence of dental caries in Ethiopia (2000-2020) was 40.98% (95% CI 31.62 to 50.34), with very high heterogeneity (I2=98.6%); certainty not graded. Source: Abstract; Results 'Meta-analysis'; Fig. 2 (forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.4098 [0.3162, 0.5034] | 13 studies · 6950 participants | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence Addis Ababa Caries prevalence was lowest in Addis Ababa at 34.20% (95% CI 8.42 to 59.97); certainty not graded. Source: Results 'Meta-analysis'; Fig. 3 (subgroup forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.3420 [0.0842, 0.5997] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence Tigray Caries prevalence was highest in the Tigray region at 46.59% (95% CI 24.64 to 68.54); certainty not graded. Source: Results 'Meta-analysis'; Fig. 3 (subgroup forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.4659 [0.2464, 0.6854] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence Amhara Caries prevalence in the Amhara region was 40.44% (95% CI 24.67 to 56.21); certainty not graded. Source: Fig. 3 (subgroup forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 0.4044 [0.2467, 0.5621] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Sweet food consumption (frequent) vs No/less frequent sweet food consumption
Population: Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (presence) Sweet food consumption was associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.01); certainty not graded. Source: Abstract; Results 'Associated factors of caries'; Fig. 7 (forest plot) · same question in other reviews | OR 2.4 [1.91, 3.01] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Presence of dental plaque vs Absence of dental plaque
Population: Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (presence) The presence of dental plaque was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 5.14, 95% CI 0.67 to 39.39); certainty not graded. Source: Abstract; Results 'Associated factors of caries'; Fig. 7 (forest plot) · same question in other reviews | OR 5.14 [0.67, 39.39] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Habit of tooth cleaning vs No habit of tooth cleaning
Population: Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (presence) The habit of tooth cleaning was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.96); certainty not graded. Source: Abstract; Results 'Associated factors of caries'; Fig. 7 (forest plot) · same question in other reviews | OR 0.71 [0.17, 2.96] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries prevalence Trim-and-fill adjusted (publication-bias correction) | Prevalence 0.40984 [0.31623, 0.50344] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 22
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teshome et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ademe et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ademe et al. 2020 Analysis of salivary level Lactobacillus spp. and associated factors as determinants of dental caries amongst primary school children in… PMID:31948433 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ayele et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ayele et al. 2013 Predictors of dental caries among children 7-14 years old in Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. PMID:23331467 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aynalem et al. 2019 Magnitude of Dental Caries and Its Associated Factors Among Governmental Primary School Children in Debre Berhan Town, North-East Ethiopia. PMID:32765157 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mulu et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mulu et al. 2014 Dental caries and associated factors among primary school children in Bahir Dar city: a cross-sectional study. PMID:25540044 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Teshome et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aynalem et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Berhane et al. 2014 Oral Health of Young Adolescents in Addis Ababa—A Community-Based Study DOI:10.4236/ojpm.2014.48073 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Berhane et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bogale et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bogale et al. 2019 Dental caries experience and associated factors in adults: a cross-sectional community survey within Ethiopia. PMID:33478460 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Catherine Simon et al. 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Komicha et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sehdev et al. 2020 Prevalence of Tooth Decay and Associated Factors Among Ethiopian Patients DOI:10.1590/pboci.2020.053 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sehdev et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tafere et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tafere et al. 2018 Assessment of prevalence of dental caries and the associated factors among patients attending dental clinic in Debre Tabor general… PMID:29973262 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Teshome et al. 2020 Dental Caries and Associated Factors Among Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Hospital Dental Clinic, North West… PMID:32547246 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zeru et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).