Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM38727727
Association between periodontitis and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Yixin, Xiang Yonggang, Ren Haixia, et al. · Clinical oral investigations · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05687-2
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
31
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
34
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 31 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Humans with caries and/or periodontitis (PECOS: persons with caries/periodontitis) | Adults from 18 case-control studies (1994-2022); multiple countries |
| Intervention | Exposure: periodontitis (PPD >= 4 mm, CAL >= 3 mm, CPI >= 3); or caries (DT not equal to 0) | Periodontitis; dental caries (bidirectional exposures) |
| Comparison | Non-exposure: absence of the condition (no periodontitis i.e. periodontal health or gingivitis; or no caries) | No periodontitis; no caries |
| Outcomes | Primary: prevalence of dental caries (crown/root) in periodontitis, and prevalence of periodontitis in caries. Secondary: mean DMFT or DFR; correlation of caries- and PD-associated pathogenic bacteria | Caries prevalence (OR 1.57); periodontitis prevalence (OR 1.79); crown/root/mixed caries (OR); mean DMFT/DFR (WMD); salivary P. gingivalis and S. mutans (OR) |
| Study designs | Case-control or cohort studies (observational) | Case-control studies (n=18: 11 clinical-association, 7 bacterial-association) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
Search date: July 5, 2023. Databases: PubMed; EMBASE; grey literature
Questions and results
Periodontitis vs No periodontitis (periodontal health or gingivitis)
Population: Adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries (prevalence) Non-standard periodontitis definition With a non-standard periodontitis definition, the association persisted (OR 1.38). Source: Fig. 3; Results 'Definition of periodontitis' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.38 [1.07, 1.79] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Adjusted OR Using adjusted ORs, the association with caries was not statistically significant (OR 1.28). Source: Fig. 8; Results 'OR adjusted or not' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.28 [0.85, 1.93] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) Overall Patients with periodontitis had a non-significantly higher mean DMFT (WMD 0.87). Source: Results 'Mean DMFT or DFR'; Appendix S4 · same question in other reviews | WMD 0.87 [-0.03, 1.76] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Standard periodontitis definition With a standard periodontitis definition, periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.62). Source: Fig. 3; Results 'Definition of periodontitis' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.62 [1.20, 2.18] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Age 30-64 years In adults 30-64 years, periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.67). Source: Fig. 6; Results 'Age and gender' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.67 [1.37, 2.03] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Root caries Root caries Periodontitis was associated with higher root caries odds (OR 2.10). Source: Fig. 5; Results 'Different surfaces of caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 2.10 [1.03, 4.29] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Mixed-type caries (crown and root) Mixed-type caries One study reported markedly higher mixed-type caries odds with periodontitis (OR 3.40). Source: Fig. 5; Results 'Different surfaces of caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 3.40 [3.10, 3.73] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Crude OR Using crude ORs, periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.69). Source: Fig. 8; Results 'OR adjusted or not' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.69 [1.41, 2.01] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Female In females, the association with caries was not statistically significant (OR 1.36). Source: Fig. 7; Results 'Age and gender' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.36 [0.74, 2.49] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Overall Periodontitis was associated with higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.57; ungraded observational studies). Source: Fig. 2; Results 'Dental caries risk in patients with periodontitis' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.57 [1.20, 2.07] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Male In males, periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.48). Source: Fig. 7; Results 'Age and gender' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.48 [1.26, 1.74] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Severe periodontitis Severe periodontitis showed the strongest association with caries (OR 2.14). Source: Fig. 4; Results 'Periodontitis severity' · same question in other reviews | OR 2.14 [1.74, 2.64] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DFR (decayed, filled root teeth) Overall Patients with periodontitis had a significantly higher mean DFR (WMD 1.13). Source: Results 'Mean DMFT or DFR'; Appendix S4 · same question in other reviews | WMD 1.13 [0.48, 1.78] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Age 65 to over 75 years In older adults (65 to over 75 years), periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.69). Source: Fig. 6; Results 'Age and gender' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.69 [1.44, 1.98] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Crown caries Crown caries Periodontitis was associated with a small increase in crown caries odds (OR 1.03). Source: Fig. 5; Results 'Different surfaces of caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.03 [1.01, 1.05] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Mild periodontitis Mild periodontitis showed no significant association with caries (OR 1.65; single study). Source: Fig. 4; Results 'Periodontitis severity' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.65 [0.45, 6.05] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Dental caries (prevalence) Moderate periodontitis Moderate periodontitis was associated with higher caries odds (OR 1.38). Source: Fig. 4; Results 'Periodontitis severity' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.38 [1.15, 1.66] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries (DT not equal to 0) vs No dental caries
Population: Adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Periodontitis (prevalence) Crude OR Using crude ORs, caries was associated with higher periodontitis odds (OR 2.35). Source: Fig. 10; Results 'Periodontitis risk in patients with caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 2.35 [2.04, 2.70] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontitis (prevalence) Adjusted OR Using adjusted ORs, caries remained associated with higher periodontitis odds (OR 1.57). Source: Fig. 10; Results 'Periodontitis risk in patients with caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.57 [1.32, 1.86] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontitis (prevalence) Overall Dental caries was associated with higher odds of periodontitis (OR 1.79). Source: Fig. 9; Results 'Periodontitis risk in patients with caries' · same question in other reviews | OR 1.79 [1.36, 2.35] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontitis vs No periodontitis
Population: Adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
High salivary P. gingivalis (over 10^4 CFU/ml) Overall Periodontitis was associated with higher odds of detectable high-level salivary P. gingivalis (OR 3.38). Source: Results 'Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries'; Appendix S5 · same question in other reviews | OR 3.38 [1.46, 7.83] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
High salivary S. mutans (over 10^4 CFU/ml) Overall Salivary S. mutans showed a non-significant declining trend with periodontitis (OR 0.82). Source: Results 'Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries'; Appendix S5 · same question in other reviews | OR 0.82 [0.44, 1.51] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing), post-treatment vs Pre-treatment
Population: Periodontitis patients
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
High-level S. mutans (over 10^4 CFU/ml) Post-treatment · Overall High-level S. mutans did not change significantly after periodontal therapy (OR 1.54). Source: Results 'Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries'; Appendix S6 · same question in other reviews | OR 1.54 [0.47, 5.02] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
High salivary S. mutans level vs Lower salivary S. mutans level
Population: Humans with salivary S. mutans measured
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Sites with attachment loss greater than 3 mm Overall High salivary S. mutans was not associated with a clear difference in sites with attachment loss greater than 3 mm. Source: Results: Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries · same question in other reviews | OR 0.74 [0.35, 1.60] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Salivary F. nucleatum level vs Not specified
Population: Humans with salivary bacteria measured
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary S. mutans level Overall Salivary F. nucleatum and S. mutans levels were positively associated. Source: Results: Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries · same question in other reviews | OR 6.03 [1.55, 23.45] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Salivary Actinobacillus level (high) vs Not specified
Population: Humans with salivary bacteria measured
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary S. mutans level Overall Salivary F. nucleatum and Actinobacillus levels were not associated with a clear difference. Source: Results: Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries · same question in other reviews | OR 2.39 [1.00, 5.71] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Salivary Actinobacillus level vs Not specified
Population: Patients with aggressive periodontitis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary S. mutans level Overall Salivary Actinobacillus and S. mutans levels were negatively associated. Source: Results: Bacterial association between periodontitis and caries · same question in other reviews | OR 0.08 [0.01, 0.85] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) Percentage of sites with CAL >=3 mm (tertiles); single study (Robert 2019); adjusted | OR 1.03 [1.00, 1.05] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Decayed surfaces (DS) Percentage of sites with CAL >=3 mm (tertiles); single study (Robert 2019); adjusted | OR 1.12 [1.00, 1.25] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Decayed surfaces (DS) Periodontal disease severity (CDC-AAP); single study (Robert 2019); adjusted | OR 1.18 [1.05, 1.32] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) Periodontal disease severity (CDC-AAP); single study (Robert 2019); adjusted | OR 1.03 [1.01, 1.05] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 34
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu 2021 The relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people: findings from the… PMID:33941169 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alqobaly 2020 The association between periodontal disease and root/coronal caries. PMID:31627259 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Amare 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aron 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Belstrom 2014 Differences in bacterial saliva profile between periodontitis patients and a control cohort. PMID:24303924 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Belstrøm 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Durand 2019 Dental caries are positively associated with periodontal disease severity. PMID:30693397 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Fadel 2011 Root caries and risk profiles using the Cariogram in different periodontal disease severity groups. PMID:21142897 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Franz 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gizani 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gürlek 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hani 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Iwano 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Iwano 2010 Salivary microbial levels in relation to periodontal status and caries development. PMID:20470257 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kozlovsky 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kozlovsky 2015 Effect of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from Aggressive Periodontitis patients on Streptococcus mutans. PMID:26258896 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lina 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| María 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Martinez 2021 Association between caries and periodontal diseases in a sample of employed adults in Spain: a cross-sectional study. PMID:33409694 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mattila 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mattila 2010 Prevalence and simultaneous occurrence of periodontitis and dental caries. PMID:20958340 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Naimi-Akbar 2019 Attitudes and lifestyle factors in relation to oral health and dental care in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. PMID:30632867 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Quirynen 1999 The effect of periodontal therapy on the number of cariogenic bacteria in different intra-oral niches. PMID:10355625 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Robert 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Saotome 2006 Relationship of cariogenic bacteria levels with periodontal status and root surface caries in elderly Japanese. PMID:17105503 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shrestha 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shrestha 2016 Correlation Between Oral Health and Body Mass Index among Nepalese Teachers. PMID:28814684 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Strauss 2019 Dental caries is associated with severe periodontitis in Chilean adults: a cross-sectional study. PMID:31823773 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tefera 2022 Periodontal status of students living with disability in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. PMID:35953827 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Van Der Reijden 2001 Mutans streptococci in subgingival plaque of treated and untreated patients with periodontitis. PMID:11422591 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vehkalahti 1994 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vehkalahti 1994 Association between root caries occurrence and periodontal state. PMID:8069889 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Yasuhiko 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Yildiz Telatar 2021 Periodontal and caries status in unexplained female infertility: A case-control study. PMID:33331005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Is there an association between periodontal disease and root caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2023) | 1 | 0.03 |