Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM39049051
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data.
Maklennan Anastasia, Borg-Bartolo R, Wierichs R J, et al. · BMC oral health · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04605-y
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
32
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
141
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 32 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) | Children <71 months from 49 countries (100 publications included; 67 contributed to the prevalence meta-analysis, 60 to the mean-dmft meta-analysis) |
| Intervention | Not applicable for prevalence; socioeconomic indicators (geographical area, GNI, Gini coefficient, unemployment rate, life expectancy) as exposures for association analysis | Socioeconomic indicators (geographical area, GNI, Gini index, unemployment rate, life expectancy) |
| Comparison | Not applicable (single-group prevalence); comparison across socioeconomic strata for association | Across world regions and socioeconomic strata |
| Outcomes | ECC prevalence (%, dmft>0) and ECC experience (mean dmft) | Pooled ECC prevalence 49% (95% CI 44-55; I2=99.6%); pooled mean dmft 3.68 teeth (95% CI 2.99-4.37; I2=99.96%) |
| Study designs | Cross-sectional or cohort studies in urban and rural communities; children with congenital/dentofacial anomalies or medically compromised excluded | 100 publications (cross-sectional data); NHLBI quality: 68 fair, 3 high, 29 poor |
| Timing | Children <71 months; studies published 2011 to September 2022 | Published 2011-2022 (13 in 2011-2013, 31 in 2014-2016, 26 in 2017-2019, 30 in 2020-2022) |
Search date: 10 October 2022. Databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Open Grey (http://www.opengrey.eu); abstract also lists Web of Science
Questions and results
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)
Population: Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: Middle East Pooled mean dmft in Middle East was 5.53 teeth (95% CI 3.94-7.13). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 5.53 [3.94, 7.13] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Life expectancy: 71-75 years ECC prevalence was highest (62%) in countries with 71-75 years life expectancy. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Abstract (life-expectancy stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 62 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) GNI $10000-$19999 Mean dmft in countries with GNI $10000-$19999 was 4.04 teeth (95% CI 2.39-5.68). Source: Fig. 6 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 4.04 [2.39, 5.68] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: Asia-Oceania Pooled ECC prevalence in Asia-Oceania was 52% (95% CI 45-60). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 52 [45, 60] | 33 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) GNI $5000-$9999 Mean dmft in countries with GNI $5000-$9999 was 4.28 teeth (95% CI 2.58-5.97). Source: Fig. 6 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 4.28 [2.58, 5.97] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Overall (all regions) The global pooled prevalence of early childhood caries was 49% (95% CI 44-55), with very high heterogeneity (I2=99.6%). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) (overall diamond); Abstract; Results 'Synthesis of results' · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 49 [44, 55] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Gini index: low inequality Mean dmft was lowest (1.62 teeth) in low-inequality countries by Gini index. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Discussion (Gini stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.62 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) GNI >$40000 Mean dmft in countries with GNI >$40000 was 3.34 teeth (95% CI 1.79-4.88). Source: Fig. 6 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.34 [1.79, 4.88] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) GNI <$5000 Mean dmft in countries with GNI <$5000 was 4.64 teeth (95% CI 3.38-5.91). Source: Fig. 6 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 4.64 [3.38, 5.91] | 19 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Life expectancy: 71-75 years Mean dmft was highest (5.18 teeth) in countries with 71-75 years life expectancy. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Discussion (life-expectancy stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 5.18 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Gini index: no inequality ECC prevalence was highest (62%) in no-inequality countries by Gini index. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Abstract (Gini stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 62 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: Africa Pooled ECC prevalence in Africa was 42% (95% CI 32-53). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 42 [32, 53] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Gini index: no inequalities Mean dmft was highest (3.95 teeth) in no-inequality countries by Gini index. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Discussion (Gini stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.95 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: Africa Pooled mean dmft in Africa was 3.47 teeth (95% CI 1.37-5.56). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.47 [1.37, 5.56] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: Asia-Oceania Pooled mean dmft in Asia-Oceania was 3.87 teeth (95% CI 2.84-4.91). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.87 [2.84, 4.91] | 30 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) GNI >$40000 ECC prevalence in countries with GNI >$40000 was 47% (95% CI 32-62). Source: Fig. 5 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 47 [32, 62] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: North America Pooled mean dmft in North America was 3.89 teeth (95% CI 1.62-6.16). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.89 [1.62, 6.16] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: Europe Pooled ECC prevalence in Europe was 36% (95% CI 25-47). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 36 [25, 47] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: Central/South America Pooled mean dmft in Central/South America was 3.08 teeth (95% CI 2.42-3.74). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.08 [2.42, 3.74] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Overall (all regions) The global pooled mean dmft was 3.68 teeth (95% CI 2.99-4.37), with very high heterogeneity (I2=99.96%). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) (overall diamond); Results 'Synthesis of results' · same question in other reviews | MEAN 3.68 [2.99, 4.37] | 60 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) GNI $20000-$39999 Mean dmft in countries with GNI $20000-$39999 was 1.13 teeth (95% CI 0.72-1.55). Source: Fig. 6 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.13 [0.72, 1.55] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) GNI $10000-$19999 ECC prevalence in countries with GNI $10000-$19999 was 55% (95% CI 42-68). Source: Fig. 5 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 55 [42, 68] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Gini index: low inequality ECC prevalence was lowest (39%) in low-inequality countries by Gini index. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Abstract (Gini stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 39 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) GNI $5000-$9999 ECC prevalence in countries with GNI $5000-$9999 was 53% (95% CI 41-65). Source: Fig. 5 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 53 [41, 65] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Life expectancy: highest (>80 years) ECC prevalence was lowest (28%) in countries with the highest life expectancy. Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Abstract (life-expectancy stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 28 | NR | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Region: Europe Pooled mean dmft in Europe was 2.26 teeth (95% CI 0.69-3.82). Source: Fig. 4 (ECC experience/mean dmft forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 2.26 [0.69, 3.82] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: Middle East Pooled ECC prevalence in Middle East was 72% (95% CI 58-85). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 72 [58, 85] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: North America Pooled ECC prevalence in North America was 57% (95% CI 36-77). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 57 [36, 77] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) GNI <$5000 ECC prevalence in countries with GNI <$5000 was 57% (95% CI 47-67). Source: Fig. 5 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 57 [47, 67] | 19 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) Region: Central/South America Pooled ECC prevalence in Central/South America was 34% (95% CI 20-48). Source: Fig. 3 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by geographical area) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 34 [20, 48] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) GNI $20000-$39999 ECC prevalence in countries with GNI $20000-$39999 was 30% (95% CI 22-38). Source: Fig. 5 (ECC prevalence forest plot, by GNI) · same question in other reviews | Prevalence 30 [22, 38] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) Life expectancy: >80 years Mean dmft was lowest (1.34 teeth) in countries with the highest life expectancy (>80 years). Source: Results 'Synthesis of results'; Discussion (life-expectancy stratification; no forest plot) · same question in other reviews | MEAN 1.34 | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 141
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gopal et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jiang et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alkhtib et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bagherian et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Igic et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olatosi et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Parisotto et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pereira et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Qadri et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wong et al. 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Abbasoglu et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Abbasoglu et al. 2015, Turkey matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Acuna et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Acuña et al. 2019, Ecuador matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alkhtib et al. 2016, Qatar matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Angelopoulou et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Angelopoulou et al. 2019, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Antunes et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Antunes et al. 2018, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Azrak et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Azrak et al. 2017, Canada matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baggio et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baggio et al. 2015, Switzerland matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bagherian et al. 2013, Iran matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bao et al. 2014, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Barjatya et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Barjatya et al. 2020, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Boka et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Boka et al. 2013, Greece matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bourgeois et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bourgeois et al. 2014, Greece matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bourgeois et al. 2014, Morocco matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bourgeois et al. 2014, Philippines matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Colombo et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Colombo et al. 2017, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Congiu et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Congiu et al. 2014, Italy matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Divaris et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Divaris et al. 2020, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duangthip et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duangthip et al. 2020, Hong Kong matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Elelmi et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Elelmi et al. 2021, Tunisia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ferraz et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ferraz et al. 2014, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gao et al. 2013, Hong Kong matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gao et al. 2018, Hong Kong matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gavic et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gavic et al. 2015, Croatia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ghazal et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ghazal et al. 2015, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gibbs et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gibbs et al. 2016, Australia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gopal et al. 2016, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Huong et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Huong et al. 2017, Vietnam matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hysi et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hysi et al. 2017, Albania matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Igic et al. 2018, Serbia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jain et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jain et al. 2018, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jiang et al. 2017, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kakanur et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kakanur et al. 2017, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Khanh et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Khanh et al. 2015, Vietnam matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kierce et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kierce et al. 2015, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kowash et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kowash et al. 2015, UAE matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kubota et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kubota et al. 2020 [b] matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kubota et al. 2020, Cambodia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Leelataweewud et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Leelataweewud et al. 2021, Thailand matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Li et al. 2017, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Li et al. 2020, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ma et al. 2015, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Moimaz et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Moimaz et al. 2016, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nagarajappa et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nagarajappa et al. 2020, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Naidu et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Naidu et al. 2013, Trinidad matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al. 2015 [a] matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al. 2015 [b] matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al. 2015, Japan matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nakayama et al. 2019, Japan matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ndeker et al. 2021, Tanzania matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ndekero et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nguen et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nguyen et al. 2018, Vietnam matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nobile et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nobile et al. 2014, Italy matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olatosi et al. 2021, Nigeria matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Olczak-Kowalczyk et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ozler et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ozler et al. 2018, Turkey matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Parisotto et al. 2012, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pattanaporn et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pattanaporn et al. 2013, Thailand matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pereira et al. 2021, Portugal matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Perera et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Perera et al. 2014, Sri Lanka matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pikramenou et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pikramenou et al. 2016, Greece matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pinto et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pinto et al. 2017, Brazil matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Prakasha Shrutha et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Qadri et al. 2012, Syria matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rashid Noaman et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sankeshwari et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sankeshwari et al. 2013, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schulz et al. 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schulz et al. 2022, Germany matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Seminario et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Seminario et al. 2018, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Severino et al. 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Severino et al. 2021, Italy matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sharma et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sharma et al. 2019, India matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sun et al. 2020, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tubert-Jeannin et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Turton et al. 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Turton et al. 2019, Cambodia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tusek et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tušek et al. 2020, Serbia matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wang et al. 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wang et al. 2017, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Warren et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Warren et al. 2016, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wong et al. 2011, Hong Kong matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wu et al. 2020, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wulaerhan et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wulaerhan et al. 2014, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Xiao et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Xiao et al. 2018, USA matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zhang et al. 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zhang et al. 2020, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zhu et al. 2020, China matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).