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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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Direct composite resin restoration vs Amalgam restoration

Harms (toxicity and postoperative sensitivity) · People with permanent or adult posterior teeth requiring restoration (parallel-group trials involved children aged 6 to 12 years)
1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Sites with probing depth >= 4 mm · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Sites with probing depth >= 4 mm are significantly more frequent in SSc patients (SMD 2.07); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
3 findings from 1 review

Dental imaging (analog or digital radiographs) vs Visual classification

Difference in sensitivity · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies)

Imaging had lower sensitivity than visual classification in the fully within-person analysis.

1 finding from 1 review

TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CC genotype vs CT/TT genotype (recessive model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries for mixed dentition caries under the recessive (CC vs CT/TT) model (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.29); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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Nitinol archwire vs Titinol archwire

Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether nitinol archwire changes amount of crowding (change) up to 37 weeks compared with titinol archwire (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Near-infrared (NIR) transillumination vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional bitewing radiography, F-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, conventional F-speed bitewing radiography had a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 8.7 (95% CI 4.2, 18.1) for proximal caries detection at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… led to lower clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs C allele vs T allele (allele contrast model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries in Caucasians under the allele contrast (C vs T) model (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.50); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

Outcome not reported · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance programme, or screened…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Remote screening of the oral cavity (mobile application/telemedicine) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

Specificity for detection of oral cavity cancer/OPMD · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance programme, or screened…
1 finding from 1 review

11-16 remaining teeth vs 25-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, adults with 11-16 teeth had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 25-32 teeth (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.32; 4 cohort studies, I2=87%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Dental caries prevalence · General population (children and adults) in East Africa

Caries prevalence in permanent dentition (>=12 years) was 50.2% (95% CI 38.4 to 62.1); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Preterm birth (oral health / enamel defects) vs Full-term children

Caries (DMFT) and enamel defects · Preterm children (about 8 years old) in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

One study found preterm children had higher DMFT and a fourfold higher prevalence of enamel defects than full-term children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical conductance devices (electronic caries monitor (ECM) and/or CarieScan Pro), used as an adjunct to clinical oral examination vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Sensitivity · Children, adolescents, or adults presenting asymptomatically or suspected of early enamel caries (in vivo), or extracted teeth of…
2 findings from 1 review
  • Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Permanent dentition
    Permanent dentition (4 studies): sensitivity ranged from 0.55 to 0.65.
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported
  • Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Primary dentition
    Primary dentition (3 studies): sensitivity ranged from 0.91 to 0.93. No evidence of a difference in accuracy by dentition (removing accuracy covariate: Chi2=3.15, df=1, P=0.08).
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported