Non-Cochrane · prevalence · PM35048059

Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade.

Al Anouti Fatme, Abboud Myriam, Papandreou Dimitrios, et al. · Frontiers in oral health · 2021 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/froh.2021.744328

Oral Health Dental cariesAMSTAR 2: not applicable

Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.

Questions

114

current version

GRADE rated

No studies

Included studies

linked below

No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 114 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Review question

Element	Planned (methods)	Found (results)
Population	Pediatric population (children and adolescents aged <19 years) in the UAE, nationals and expatriates, healthy or with disease, and their caregivers (PECO Population)	29 studies; 43,916 participants; mostly cross-sectional and emirate-based; healthy preschool/school-aged/secondary children plus children with leukemia, cerebral palsy, beta-thalassemia, Down syndrome, autism, special healthcare needs, preterm birth and preschool children of incarcerated mothers, and mothers/caregivers
Intervention	Exposures including sociodemographic and dietary factors, oral hygiene practices and other determinants, and oral health programs/interventions (PECO Exposure)	Exposures assessed: sociodemographic (SES/income, parental education, nationality, urban/rural), dietary (snacking, sugar/soft drinks), oral hygiene (tooth-brushing frequency) and dental-service utilization; one school-based tooth-brushing intervention
Comparison	Unspecified comparators (e.g., poor vs adequate dietary/oral hygiene practices); not formally pre-specified	Comparators mostly within-study contrasts (e.g., low vs high SES, Emirati vs non-Emirati, condition vs healthy controls); many outcomes descriptive with no comparator
Outcomes	Prevalence and patterns of oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, birth defects); determinants and implications of poor oral health; oral hygiene knowledge and practices; utilization of dental services; effectiveness of oral health programs/interventions	High caries prevalence (22%-99.4%); mean dmft 0.75-10.9 and DMFT 1.48-3.19; dental erosion, MIH (7.6%-27.2%), fluorosis (10.9%), tooth wear (97.6%), gingivitis/plaque; suboptimal oral hygiene and low dental-service utilization; higher oral disease burden and lower treatment indices in children with disease/special conditions
Study designs	Original observational or interventional studies (editorials, case reports, case series and reviews excluded); reporting UAE-specific pediatric data; any language; published after 2010	29 studies: mostly cross-sectional; only 2 national; predominantly Dubai (n=10) and other emirates
Timing	Studies covering the past decade (2011-2021); search run to May 2021	Studies from 2011-2021; predominantly single time-point (cross-sectional)

Search date: May 4, 2021. Databases: PubMed; CINAHL (via EBSCO); EMBASE (via Ovid); Cochrane Library; Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR); plus gray literature and hand-searching of reference lists of included articles and previous reviews

Questions and results

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Preschool children in Dubai

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Significant caries index Overall The significant caries index was 4.55. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 4.55	1 study · 2957 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Population: Healthy children and adolescents (preschool, school-aged and secondary) in the United Arab Emirates Dental caries is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in the UAE, ranging from 22% to 99.4% across cross-sectional studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Dental Caries); Abstract; Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Dental caries prevalence ranged from 22% in public day cares in Sharjah to 99.4% in children attending a pediatric dentistry department in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi across cross-sectional studies; most studies used WHO…	NR	Ungraded

Private day care vs Public day care

Population: Preschool children in Sharjah day cares

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental caries prevalence Private day cares Caries prevalence was 77% in private day cares versus 22% in public day cares. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 77	1 study · 435 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft Private day-care residents Mean dmft was 8.1 in private-center residents versus 0.8 in nationals attending public centers. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 8.1	1 study · 435 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Public day cares Caries prevalence was 22% in public day cares versus 77% in private day cares. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 22	1 study · 435 participants	Ungraded
Caries severity/experience (mean dmft and DMFT) Population: Healthy children and adolescents (primary and permanent dentition) in the United Arab Emirates Caries severity was substantial, with mean dmft 0.75-10.9 (primary dentition) and mean DMFT 1.48-3.19 (permanent dentition), and higher indices in Emirati than non-Emirati children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Dental Caries); Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Mean dmft (primary dentition) ranged from 0.75 (non-Emirati preschoolers, Abu Dhabi) to 10.9 (children at a pediatric dentistry department in Al Ain); among Emiratis mean dmft ranged 3.07-10.9. Mean DMFT (permanent…	NR	Ungraded

Dental erosion assessment vs None (descriptive prevalence review)

Population: Preschool children (5-year-olds) in the United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental erosion prevalence One study found a high prevalence of dental erosion (58.8%) among 5-year-olds in Sharjah, associated with non-Emirati nationality, caries experience and sugary/carbonated beverage consumption (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; reference [38] · same question in other reviews	Among 5-year-olds in Sharjah (n=403), Gopinath reported dental erosion in 58.8% and dissolution of enamel in 55.0% (exposed dentin 3.7%). Predictors of erosion included Arab non-Emirati nationality (OR 0.27, 95% CI…	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft Emirati children Population: Preschool children in Abu Dhabi nurseries Mean dmft was 2.60 in Emirati children versus 0.75 in non-Emirati children. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 2.60	1 study · 186 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Population: Preschool children in Abu Dhabi nurseries Overall caries prevalence was 41%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 41	1 study · 186 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft, overall Overall Population: Preschool children in Abu Dhabi nurseries Overall mean dmft was 1.68. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 1.68	1 study · 186 participants	Ungraded

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) assessment vs None (descriptive prevalence review)

Population: School-aged children in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
MIH prevalence MIH prevalence among school-aged children in Dubai ranged from 7.6% to 27.2% across two studies, higher in females and low-socioeconomic-class schools (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; references [22,42] · same question in other reviews	Two Dubai studies assessed MIH: Ahmad et al. reported a low prevalence of 7.59% (higher in low-socioeconomic-class schools, 11.31% vs 4.58% in high-class) and Hussain et al. reported 27.2% (higher in females, 32.6% vs…	2 studies	Ungraded
Mean dmft Males Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Mean dmft was 6.41 in boys and 6.01 in girls. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 6.41	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Emirati preschool children in Ras Al Khaimah nurseries

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Care index Overall The care index was 3.8%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Proportion 3.8	1 study · 540 participants	Ungraded
Dental fluorosis prevalence Population: School-aged children in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai) One study reported dental fluorosis in 10.9% of school-aged children in Dubai, mostly very mild or mild (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; reference [22] · same question in other reviews	Ahmad et al. (Dubai, school-aged children; n=779) reported dental fluorosis in 10.9%, mostly very mild or mild (Table 2).	1 study · 779 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft Overall Mean dmft was 3.07. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 3.07 [2.81, 3.34]	1 study · 540 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 74.1%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 74.1	1 study · 540 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Preschool children attending Al Ain pediatric dentistry department

5 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Care index Overall The care index was 6.4%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Proportion 6.4	1 study · 176 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft Overall Mean dmft was 10.9. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 10.9	1 study · 176 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 99.4%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 99.4	1 study · 176 participants	Ungraded
Tooth wear prevalence Population: School children (primary dentition) in the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) One study reported a very high prevalence of tooth wear (97.6%) in the primary dentition of school children in Abu Dhabi, associated with older age, mouth breathing and anterior deep bite (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; reference [23] · same question in other reviews	Al Halabi et al. (Abu Dhabi; 506 children, 9,213 teeth) reported tooth wear in 97.6% of school children, with the highest prevalence and severity at the upper incisor and upper canine segments. Attrition was…	1 study · 506 participants	Ungraded
Restorative index Overall The restorative index was 6.4%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Proportion 6.4	1 study · 176 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children in Dubai governmental schools

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Fluorosis prevalence Overall Fluorosis prevalence was 10.9%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 10.9	1 study · 779 participants	Ungraded
Gingivitis / gingival health Population: Children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Gingivitis and high plaque levels were common among UAE children and adolescents, more likely in females and older children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; references [39,44] · same question in other reviews	Gopinath et al. reported high gingival and plaque scores among 3-12-year-olds at a Sharjah teaching clinic; increasing dmft/DMFT corresponded to higher plaque and gingival scores, and females and children >6 years were…	NR	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Low socioeconomic-class schools Mean DMFT was 2.66 in low socioeconomic-class schools versus 2.10 in high-class schools. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 2.66	1 study · 779 participants	Ungraded
Molar-incisor hypomineralization prevalence Overall MIH prevalence was 7.59%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 7.59	1 study · 779 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 5-7 years in Dubai schools

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 60.3% in children aged 5-7 years. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 60.3	1 study · 1317 participants	Ungraded
Mean dmft/DMFT Overall Mean dmft/DMFT was 3.87. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 3.87	1 study · 1317 participants	Ungraded
Dental plaque levels Population: Children in the United Arab Emirates (Ajman, Sharjah) Dental plaque levels were high and associated with frequent snacking and less frequent tooth brushing, and higher plaque was linked to more caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Other Oral Diseases); Table 2; references [39,41,44] · same question in other reviews	Hashim et al. (Ajman, 5-6-year-olds) reported a mean plaque score of 0.67; higher snack consumption was associated with higher plaque (adjusted difference 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.24) and brushing >=twice daily with lower…	NR	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 12-14 years in Dubai schools

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean dmft/DMFT Overall Mean dmft/DMFT was 1.83. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 1.83	1 study · 2237 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 41.6% in children aged 12-14 years. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 41.6	1 study · 2237 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries Population: Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates Evidence on socioeconomic status/income and caries was inconsistent: some studies linked lower income to higher caries while others found no association (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Risk Factors for Dental Caries); Table 1; references [22,40,41] · same question in other reviews	Findings were contradictory. Hashim et al. found children from low-income families had higher odds of severe early childhood caries (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.85), and Ahmad et al. reported significantly higher DMFT in…	NR	Ungraded

Lower parental (maternal/paternal) education vs Higher parental education

Population: Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental caries The association between parental education and caries was inconsistent; father's (but not consistently mother's) education was inversely associated with caries in some studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Risk Factors for Dental Caries); Table 1; references [36,40,41,44] · same question in other reviews	Maternal education was not associated with children's caries in the Hashim et al. studies, whereas father's educational level was negatively associated with DMFT in Khadri et al. (secondary-aged children: -0.35, 95% CI…	NR	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah Dental caries prevalence was 75.5%. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 75.5	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Overall Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah Mean DMFT was 3.19. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 3.19	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Low family income vs High family income

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Severe early childhood caries Overall Low family income was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	OR 1.43 [1.11, 1.85]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries Population: Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates Higher snacking and soft-drink/sugar consumption were associated with more caries in most studies, though one study found no association with sweet-consumption frequency (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Risk Factors for Dental Caries); Table 1; references [13,40,41,44] · same question in other reviews	Soft drink consumption (Khadri et al.: 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.47) and a high extent of snacking (Hashim et al.: high vs low snack level aRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26-1.70; snacking >=3x vs once daily aRR 1.25, 1.00-1.57) were…	NR	Ungraded

High snack consumption vs Low snack consumption

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Severe early childhood caries Overall High snack consumption was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	OR 1.80 [1.26, 2.58]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries Population: Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates More frequent tooth brushing was generally protective against caries, though findings were somewhat inconsistent across studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Risk Factors for Dental Caries); Table 1; references [13,40,41] · same question in other reviews	Higher tooth-brushing frequency was protective against caries in Kowash et al. and Hashim et al. (brushing >=twice vs less than daily aRR 0.8, 95% CI 0.64-0.93). A contradictory (non-protective) finding was reported by…	NR	Ungraded

Problem-driven / less regular dental visiting vs More frequent / regular dental visits

Population: Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental caries A higher frequency of dental visits was associated with lower caries, while problem-driven visiting was associated with higher severe early childhood caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Risk Factors for Dental Caries); Table 1; references [13,40] · same question in other reviews	Both Kowash et al. and Hashim et al. found a higher frequency of dental visits protective against caries. Hashim et al. reported higher odds of severe early childhood caries among children who visited a dentist because…	NR	Ungraded
Severe early childhood caries Overall Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools A problem-driven dental visit was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	OR 1.92 [1.49, 2.49]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded

Snacking at least 3 times daily vs Snacking once daily

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Overall Frequent snacking was associated with higher mean DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	ARR 1.25 [1.00, 1.57]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded
Oral hygiene knowledge and practices Population: Children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates Oral hygiene knowledge and practices among UAE children and adolescents were generally suboptimal and variable across studies, with better practices among females (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Knowledge and Practices - Children); references [34,44,45,46,49] · same question in other reviews	Suboptimal oral hygiene practices were common. Kowash reported 63% poor oral hygiene among preschoolers (58% never/rarely brushing). In a national survey (Pengpid et al.), tooth brushing less than once daily was 46.1%…	NR	Ungraded

High snack consumption vs Low snack consumption

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Overall High snack consumption was associated with higher mean DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	ARR 1.46 [1.26, 1.70]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded
Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices (mothers/caregivers) Population: Mothers and caregivers of children in the United Arab Emirates Mothers and caregivers often had adequate knowledge/attitudes but improper oral-health practices and low dental-service use, associated with education and occupation (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Knowledge and Practices - Mothers; Caregivers); references [13,35,47] · same question in other reviews	Mahmoud et al. found Sharjah mothers had higher-than-average knowledge and excellent attitudes but mostly improper practices and low dental-service utilization; knowledge/practices were associated with mothers'…	NR	Ungraded

Tooth brushing at least twice daily vs Brushing less than daily

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Overall Brushing at least twice daily was associated with lower mean DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	ARR 0.80 [0.64, 0.93]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded
Utilization of dental services Population: Healthy Emirati preschool children in the United Arab Emirates Utilization of dental services among healthy Emirati preschoolers was very low, with most children never having visited a dentist and very low care indices (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Utilization of Dental Services); references [13,46] · same question in other reviews	Kowash et al. reported very low utilization of dental services among healthy Emirati preschoolers: two-thirds never visited a dentist, with a very low care/restorative index of 6.4% in Al Ain, and a care index of 3.8%…	2 studies	Ungraded

Leukemia (oral health status) vs None (descriptive; compared by treatment location)

Population: Children with leukemia in the United Arab Emirates

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral health problems (mucositis, caries, candidiasis) One study found oral problems in 60% of children with leukemia, most common during maintenance therapy and among those treated locally (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [26] · same question in other reviews	Alnuaimi et al. reported a 60% prevalence of oral problems (mostly oral mucositis/ulceration, then dental caries and oral candidiasis) among children with leukemia; prevalence was not associated with age, gender,…	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Overall Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah Higher paternal education was associated with lower DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Regression coefficient -0.35 [-0.53, -0.17]	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Cerebral palsy (oral health status) vs Age- and gender-matched healthy children

Population: Children with cerebral palsy in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral health status (caries, gingivitis, calculus, treatment indices) One study found children with cerebral palsy had caries and gingivitis similar to matched controls but more calculus and anomalies, with lower restorative care despite greater need (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [29] · same question in other reviews	Al Hashmi et al. (Dubai) reported caries in 53% of children with cerebral palsy (mean DMFT 2.83) and gingivitis in 58.8%, similar to matched controls, but a significantly higher calculus index (0.56 vs 0.07) and more…	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Overall Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah Older age was associated with higher DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Regression coefficient 0.42 [0.27, 0.567]	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Beta-thalassemia major (oral health status) vs Healthy Emirati children

Population: Children with beta-thalassemia major in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral health status (caries, calculus, gingivitis) One study found higher caries and calculus but lower gingivitis and restorative care in children with beta-thalassemia major compared with healthy Emirati children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [32] · same question in other reviews	Al-Raeesi et al. (Dubai) reported caries prevalence of 68.4% (mean DMFT 1.49) in children with beta-thalassemia major, higher than controls (48.7%; DMFT 0.21). More had calculus (28.9% vs 7.9%) and gingival…	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Overall Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah Female sex was associated with higher DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Regression coefficient 0.41 [0.01, 0.81]	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Arab ethnicity vs Reference ethnicity not stated

Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Overall Arab ethnicity was associated with higher DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Regression coefficient 0.74 [0.32, 1.17]	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded
Oral health status (caries, DMFT, calculus, erosion, malocclusion, treatment indices) Population: Children with Down syndrome in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai) One study found children with Down syndrome had similar caries prevalence but higher DMFT, calculus, erosion and malocclusion than controls, with better restorative-care access (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [37] · same question in other reviews	Ghaith et al. (Dubai) reported dental decay in 57.6% of children with Down syndrome (same as controls) but a higher mean DMFT (2.73 vs 1.65) and calculus index (0.25 vs 0.07), higher erosion prevalence/severity, and…	1 study	Ungraded

Soft drink consumption vs Reference consumption not stated

Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Overall Soft drink consumption was associated with higher DMFT. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Regression coefficient 0.31 [0.14, 0.47]	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded
Oral health status and oral-care challenges Population: Children with autism spectrum disorder in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai) Two studies found high caries (77%) and gingivitis and considerable oral-care challenges among children with autism spectrum disorder, with low restorative indices (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); references [43,48] · same question in other reviews	Jaber et al. reported dental caries in 77% of children with ASD (mean dmft 2.2 in early mixed dentition), gingivitis in all children (generalized 70.4%), mostly poor oral hygiene (59%), and low met-need/restorative…	2 studies	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 15-17 years in Dubai schools

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean dmft/DMFT Overall Mean dmft/DMFT was 2.70. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	MEAN 2.70	1 study · 2063 participants	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 42.4% in children aged 15-17 years. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 42.4	1 study · 2063 participants	Ungraded
Oral health status and treatment needs Population: Arab children with special healthcare needs in the United Arab Emirates (Ras Al Khaimah) One study found very high caries (85.2%) and high unmet treatment needs among children with special healthcare needs, varying by disability type (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [30] · same question in other reviews	Alkhabuli et al. (Ras Al Khaimah) reported a high caries prevalence (85.2%) and high mean dmft/DMFT (5.67) among children with special healthcare needs. About two-thirds had good oral hygiene (highest in autism 100%,…	1 study	Ungraded

Preterm birth (oral health / enamel defects) vs Full-term children

Population: Preterm children (about 8 years old) in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Caries (DMFT) and enamel defects One study found preterm children had higher DMFT and a fourfold higher prevalence of enamel defects than full-term children (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [33] · same question in other reviews	Alshehhi et al. (Dubai) reported a significantly higher mean DMFT (1.00 vs 0.38) and a 4-times higher prevalence of enamel defects (58.15% vs 24.2%; OR 4.33, 95% CI 2.01-9.36) in preterm vs full-term children, highest…	1 study	Ungraded
Dental erosion prevalence Overall Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Dental erosion prevalence was 58.8%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 58.8	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded
Exposed dentin prevalence Overall Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Exposed dentin prevalence was 3.7%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 3.7	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded
Enamel dissolution prevalence Overall Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Enamel dissolution prevalence was 55.0%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 55.0	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded

Prison-nursery setting / incarcerated-mother household (oral health status) vs Counterparts (community children)

Population: Preschool children of incarcerated mothers in UAE prison nurseries

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral health status (caries, oral hygiene, treatment indices) One study found high caries (89.8%) and poor oral hygiene with low restorative care among preschool children of incarcerated mothers (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Children With Disease/Special Conditions); reference [27] · same question in other reviews	Al Salami et al. reported caries prevalence of 89.8% (mean dmft 4.97) among preschool children of incarcerated mothers, similar to their counterparts, but worse oral hygiene, higher debris/plaque (93.8% vs 81.8%) and…	1 study	Ungraded
Dental erosion Overall Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Arab non-Emirati nationality was associated with lower odds of dental erosion. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	OR 0.27 [0.18, 0.42]	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded

3-month school-based supervised daily tooth-brushing program with fluoridated toothpaste (multilevel: trained school nurses plus parental involvement) vs Pre-intervention (before-after)

Population: Schoolchildren aged 4-6 years in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Visible plaque and oral-hygiene behavior 3 months One pre-post study of a school-based supervised tooth-brushing program found visible plaque fell from 76.8% to 36.7% with positive behavior change (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Oral Health Interventions); reference [24] · same question in other reviews	Al Mashhadani evaluated a 3-month school-based daily tooth-brushing program (1,500 students aged 4-6 in 7 private and governmental schools). The presence of visible plaque decreased from 76.8% to 36.7%…	1 study · 1500 participants	Ungraded
Dental erosion Overall Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah Caries experience was associated with lower odds of dental erosion. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	OR 0.28 [0.16, 0.51]	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded

Sugary or carbonated beverages vs Water

Population: Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental erosion Overall Sugary or carbonated beverage consumption was associated with lower odds of dental erosion. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	OR 0.30 [0.19, 0.41]	1 study · 403 participants	Ungraded
Oral health-related quality of life (child and family) Population: Preschool children in the United Arab Emirates receiving dental general anesthesia One study found restorative dental treatment under general anesthesia significantly improved oral health-related quality of life for preschool children and their families (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated). Source: Results (Implications of Poor Oral Health/ or Dental Interventions); reference [28] · same question in other reviews	Alantali et al. found that restorative dental general anesthesia resulted in significant improvement in child and family physical, psychological and social quality-of-life, with a large change noted in both the child…	1 study	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 2.6-6.8 years in Abu Dhabi

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Severe tooth wear prevalence Overall Severe tooth wear prevalence was 0.15%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Proportion of examined teeth (severe tooth wear) 0.15	1 study · 9213 teeth (from 506 children examined) participants	Ungraded
Tooth wear prevalence Overall Tooth wear prevalence was 97.6%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 97.6	1 study · 506 participants	Ungraded

Male sex vs Female sex

Population: School children aged 3-12 years in Sharjah clinic

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Gingivitis Overall Male children had lower odds of gingivitis than female children. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	OR 0.47 [0.24, 0.93]	1 study · 405 participants	Ungraded

Age 6 years or younger vs Older than 6 years

Population: School children aged 3-12 years in Sharjah clinic

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Gingivitis Overall Children aged 6 years or younger had lower odds of gingivitis. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	OR 0.33 [0.17, 0.62]	1 study · 405 participants	Ungraded

High snack consumption vs Low snack consumption

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean plaque score Overall High snack consumption was associated with a higher mean plaque score. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Adjusted difference 0.13 [0.02, 0.24]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded

Tooth brushing at least twice daily vs Brushing less than daily

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean plaque score Overall Brushing at least twice daily was associated with a lower mean plaque score. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Adjusted difference -0.09 [-0.17, -0.00]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded

Highest plaque category vs Lowest plaque category

Population: Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
DMFT (association with plaque) Highest versus lowest plaque category The highest plaque category was associated with higher dental caries. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	ARR 4.77 [3.67, 6.19]	1 study · 1036 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 8-12 years in Dubai public schools

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Molar-incisor hypomineralization prevalence Overall MIH prevalence was 27.2%. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 27.2	1 study · 342 participants	Ungraded
Molar-incisor hypomineralization prevalence Females MIH prevalence was 32.6% in females versus 18.1% in males. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 32.6	1 study · 342 participants	Ungraded

Daily supervised brushing with fluoridated toothpaste vs Pre-intervention

Population: Schoolchildren aged 4-6 years in Dubai schools

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Visible plaque prevalence Overall Visible plaque prevalence decreased from 76.8% before to 36.7% after the intervention. Source: Results, Oral Health Interventions · same question in other reviews	Visible plaque index (pre-post) 76.8% (pre) to 36.7% (post)	1 study · 1500 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Pediatric leukemia patients in the United Arab Emirates

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral problems prevalence Overall Oral problems prevalence was 60%. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 60	1 study	Ungraded

Cerebral palsy vs Healthy age- and sex-matched controls

Population: Children with cerebral palsy in Dubai

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 53% among children with cerebral palsy. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 53	1 study	Ungraded
Calculus index Children with cerebral palsy The calculus index was 0.56 in children with cerebral palsy versus 0.07 in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 0.56	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Overall Mean DMFT was 2.83 among children with cerebral palsy. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 2.83	1 study	Ungraded
Gingivitis prevalence Overall Gingivitis prevalence was 58.8% among children with cerebral palsy. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 58.8	1 study	Ungraded

Beta-thalassemia major vs Healthy Emirati children

Population: Children with beta-thalassemia major in Dubai

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Calculus prevalence Children with beta-thalassemia major Calculus prevalence was 28.9% in children with beta-thalassemia major versus 7.9% in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 28.9	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Children with beta-thalassemia major Dental caries prevalence was 68.4% in children with beta-thalassemia major versus 48.7% in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 68.4	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Children with beta-thalassemia major Mean DMFT was 1.49 in children with beta-thalassemia major versus 0.21 in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 1.49	1 study	Ungraded

Down syndrome vs Healthy controls

Population: Children with Down syndrome in Dubai

4 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Gingivitis prevalence Children with Down syndrome Gingivitis prevalence was 65.4% in children with Down syndrome versus 70.4% in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 65.4	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Children with Down syndrome Dental caries prevalence was 57.6% in children with Down syndrome and controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 57.6	1 study	Ungraded
Dental erosion prevalence Children with Down syndrome Dental erosion prevalence was 34% in children with Down syndrome versus 15.3% in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 34	1 study	Ungraded
Mean DMFT Children with Down syndrome Mean DMFT was 2.73 in children with Down syndrome versus 1.65 in controls. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 2.73	1 study	Ungraded

Autism spectrum disorder vs Not applicable

Population: Autistic children and young adults in Dubai

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Generalized gingivitis prevalence Overall Generalized gingivitis prevalence was 70.4%. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 70.4	1 study	Ungraded
Poor oral hygiene prevalence Overall Poor oral hygiene prevalence was 59%. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 59	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 77% among autistic children and young adults. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 77	1 study	Ungraded

Special health care needs vs Not applicable

Population: Arab children with special health care needs in Ras Al Khaimah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean dmft/DMFT Overall Mean dmft/DMFT was 5.67. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 5.67	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 85.2%. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 85.2	1 study	Ungraded

Preterm birth vs Full-term birth

Population: Preterm children aged 5-10 years in Dubai

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean DMFT Preterm children Mean DMFT was 1.00 in preterm children versus 0.38 in full-term children. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 1.00	1 study	Ungraded

Incarcerated mother vs Comparison children

Population: Preschool children of incarcerated mothers in UAE prison nurseries

3 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean dmft Overall Mean dmft was 4.97 among children of incarcerated mothers. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	MEAN 4.97	1 study	Ungraded
Plaque prevalence Children of incarcerated mothers Plaque prevalence was 93.8% versus 81.8% in comparison children. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 93.8	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Overall Dental caries prevalence was 89.8% among children of incarcerated mothers. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 89.8	1 study	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Nationally surveyed adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Tooth brushing less than once daily, males in 2016 Overall Tooth brushing less than once daily was reported by 46.1% of males in 2016. Source: Results, Knowledge and Practices · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 46.1	1 study · 24220 participants	Ungraded
Tooth brushing less than once daily, females in 2016 Overall Tooth brushing less than once daily was reported by 28.3% of females in 2016. Source: Results, Knowledge and Practices · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 28.3	1 study · 24220 participants	Ungraded

Female sex vs Male sex

Population: School-aged children in Sharjah

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Daily tooth brushing Females Daily tooth brushing was reported by 98% of females versus 89% of males. Source: Results, Knowledge and Practices · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 98	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Mothers of preschool children in Sharjah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental information from educational programs Overall Educational programs were the reported source of dental information for 13% of mothers. Source: Results, Mothers · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 13	1 study	Ungraded
Dental information from relatives Overall Relatives were the reported source of dental information for 27% of mothers. Source: Results, Mothers · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 27	1 study	Ungraded

Autism spectrum disorder vs Healthy counterparts

Population: Children with autism spectrum disorder in Dubai

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Dental-care visit prevalence Overall Sixty-five percent of children with autism spectrum disorder had visited a dentist. Source: Results, Children With Disease/Special Conditions · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 65	1 study	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: Emirati preschool children in Ras Al Khaimah nurseries

1 question

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mothers believing fluoride does not prevent tooth decay Mothers of Emirati preschool children (Ras Al Khaimah) Thirteen point seven percent of mothers believed fluoride did not prevent tooth decay. Source: Results, Mothers · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 13.7	1 study · 540 participants	Ungraded

Observed population vs Not applicable

Population: School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah

2 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Plaque/gingivitis visible in at least one oral region Overall Plaque or gingivitis was visible in at least one oral region in 95% of participants. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 95	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded
Unhealthy gums/gingivitis in all oral regions Overall Unhealthy gums or gingivitis in all oral regions was reported in 68.9% of participants. Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews	Prevalence 68.9	1 study · 803 participants	Ungraded

Comparison

5 questions

Outcome	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mean dmft Preschoolers (AlKhayat, Dubai) same question in other reviews	Mean(SD) 1.55 (2.75)	1 study	Ungraded
Mean dmft Nationals in public day cares (El Batawi) same question in other reviews	MEAN 0.8	1 study	Ungraded
Mean dmft Females (Gopinath) same question in other reviews	Mean(SD) 6.01 (4.95)	1 study	Ungraded
Mean dmft Non-Emirati children (Elamin) same question in other reviews	Mean(SD) 0.75 (1.8)	1 study	Ungraded
Dental caries prevalence Preschoolers (AlKhayat, Dubai private preschools) same question in other reviews	Prevalence 38.5%	1 study	Ungraded

Included primary studies 42

Open as a trial list

Study	Also included by	Outcomes it informs here	Trial PICO	Results
Ahmad 2019 DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.a42725	this review only	Mean dmft	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Ahmad 2019 Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation in an Emerging Community, and a Possible Correlation with Caries, Fluorosis and… PMID:31225537	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Halabi 2016 Prevalence of Tooth Wear in Primary Dentition in School Children of Abu Dhabi, UAE DOI:10.2174/2213476x03666160209220856	this review only	Tooth wear prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Hashmi 2017 Oral Health Status among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. PMID:29285470	this review only	Mean DMFT	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Mashhadani 2017 matched by author and year (probable)	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Mashhadani 2017 (national survey) matched by author and year (probable)	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Mashhadani 2017 (tooth-brushing program) matched by author and year (probable)	this review only	Dental erosion	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Salami 2018 Oral health status of pre-school children of incarcerated mothers in United Arab Emirates prison nurseries and oral health knowledge and… DOI:10.1007/s40368-018-0354-8	this review only	Dental erosion	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al Salami 2018 Oral health status of pre-school children of incarcerated mothers in United Arab Emirates prison nurseries and oral health knowledge and… PMID:30006687	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al-Raeesi 2018 Oral manifestations and dentofacial anomalies in β‐thalassemia major children in Dubai (UAE) DOI:10.1111/scd.12263	this review only	Mean DMFT	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Al-Raeesi 2018 Oral manifestations and dentofacial anomalies in β-thalassemia major children in Dubai (UAE). PMID:29278272	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alantali 2020 Changes in preschool children's oral health-related quality of life following restorative dental general anaesthesia DOI:10.1038/s41415-020-2335-7	this review only	Oral health-related quality of life (child and family)	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alantali 2020 Changes in preschool children's oral health-related quality of life following restorative dental general anaesthesia. PMID:33247261	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alkhabuli 2020 Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs for Children with Special Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study DOI:10.4034/pboci.2019.191.127	this review only	Oral health status and treatment needs	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
AlKhayat 2018 Caries Survey in 3-5 Year Old Children in Dubai Schools DOI:10.32474/ipdoaj.2018.01.000101	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alnuaimi 2018 DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2018.19.03.11	this review only	Mean DMFT	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alnuaimi 2018 Oral health problems in leukaemic paediatric patients in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study. PMID:30063156	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Alshehhi 2020 Enamel defects and caries prevalence in preterm children aged 5-10 years in Dubai. PMID:31873070	this review only	Dental erosion prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Dakhili 2014 matched by author and year (probable)	this review only	Oral hygiene knowledge and practices	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
El Batawi & Fakhruddin 2017 Impact of preventive care orientation on caries status among preschool children. PMID:29279673	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Elamin 2018 Dental caries and their association with socioeconomic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and eating habits among preschool children… PMID:29884158	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Ghaith 2019 Oral Health Status among Children with Down Syndrome in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. PMID:31198694	this review only	Oral health status (caries, DMFT, calculus, erosion, malocclusion, treatment indices)	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Gopinath 2015 Effect of ultraviolet light irradiation on bond strength of fiber post: Evaluation of surface characteristic and bonded area of fiber post… PMID:25713488	this review only	Mean DMFT	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Gopinath 2016 The prevalence of dental erosion in 5-year-old preschoolers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. PMID:27095899	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Gopinath et al. 2015 Assessment of gingival health among school children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. PMID:25713482	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Hashim 2011 Severe early childhood caries and behavioural risk indicators among young children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates DOI:10.1007/bf03262808	this review only	Dental caries	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Hashim 2013 Plaque‐removing efficacy of new and used manual toothbrushes – a professional brushing study DOI:10.1111/idh.12021	this review only	Dental caries	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Hashim et al. 2011 Severe early childhood caries and behavioural risk indicators among young children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. PMID:21806905	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Hashim et al. 2013 Oral hygiene and dental caries in 5- to 6-year-old children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. PMID:23216907	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Hussain 2018 The Prevalence and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Molar Hypomineralization in Dubai, UAE. PMID:30869585	this review only	Mean dmft	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Jaber 2011 Oral health status and dental needs of autistic children and young adults DOI:10.1111/j.2041-1626.2010.00030.x	this review only	Oral health status and oral-care challenges	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Jaber 2011 Oral health status and dental needs of autistic children and young adults. PMID:25427329	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Khadri 2018 Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11-17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates. PMID:29988230	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Khadri 2020 Impact of Demographic Factors, Obesity, and Oral Health Status on Self-esteem among School-going Children in United Arab Emirates: A… PMID:32802780	this review only	Oral hygiene knowledge and practices	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Kowash 2015 Severity of early childhood caries in preschool children attending Al-Ain Dental Centre, United Arab Emirates DOI:10.1007/s40368-014-0164-6	this review only	Caries severity/experience (mean dmft and DMFT)	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Kowash 2015 Severity of early childhood caries in preschool children attending Al-Ain Dental Centre, United Arab Emirates. PMID:25526933	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Kowash 2017 Early childhood caries and associated risk factors among preschool children in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates DOI:10.1007/s40368-017-0278-8	this review only	Dental caries prevalence	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Kowash 2017 Early childhood caries and associated risk factors among preschool children in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. PMID:28243836	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Mahmoud 2017 Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Sharjah Mothers of Preschool Children, United Arab Emirates. PMID:29387613	this review only	Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices (mothers/caregivers)	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Mansoor 2018 DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2018.19.02.06	this review only	Oral health status and oral-care challenges	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Mansoor 2018 Oral health challenges facing Dubai children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at home and in accessing oral health care. PMID:29790776	this review only	not stated	not extracted yet	not extracted yet
Pengpid & Peltzer 2020 Trends in the prevalence of twenty health indicators among adolescents in United Arab Emirates: cross-sectional national school surveys… PMID:32727441	this review only	Oral hygiene knowledge and practices	not extracted yet	not extracted yet