Same question across reviews · CL0070
aetiology :: Unclassified intervention -> Periodontal/gingival
ProposalThis cluster groups questions by review type, intervention category and outcome domain. It is a proposal pending human validation, so questions in it may differ in population, comparator or timing.
Reviews
13
Questions
29
current versions
GRADE rated
2
Review overlap (CCA)
0.000
over all included studies of these reviews, not this question only
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD 16.57 [12.89, 20.25] | 2 studies · 326 participants | Low |
Orofacial cleft (cleft lip and/or palate) as exposure vs Healthy controls without cleft Gingival Index (GI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years) Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of… (2025) | MD 0.15 [0.11, 0.19] | 4 studies · 488 participants | Low |
Orofacial cleft (cleft lip and/or palate) as exposure vs Healthy controls without cleft Bleeding Index (BI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years) Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of… (2025) | the bleeding index (BI) showed significantly higher values for subjects with cleft lip and/or palate (BI p < 0.0001) | NR | Ungraded |
Lacunar stroke (cases) vs Without lacunar stroke (controls) Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) · Adults The contribution of oral infectious diseases in lacunar stroke based on meta-analysis and Mendelian… (2025) | MD 849.92 [698.86, 1000.98] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Lacunar stroke (cases) vs Without lacunar stroke (controls) Periodontal probing depth (PD) · Adults The contribution of oral infectious diseases in lacunar stroke based on meta-analysis and Mendelian… (2025) | MD 0.98 [0.57, 1.38] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Lacunar stroke (cases) vs Without lacunar stroke (controls) Full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) · Adults The contribution of oral infectious diseases in lacunar stroke based on meta-analysis and Mendelian… (2025) | MD 31.26 [28.82, 33.70] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Slum / urban-disadvantaged setting vs Non-slum urban / general-urban / national population Periodontal disease prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs · Cross-sectional Systematic review of oral health in slums and non-slum urban settings of Low and Middle-Income Countries… (2024) | Periodontal disease affected all ages, was more pronounced in older groups, and ranged from 23% to 99%, generally higher than dental caries; bleeding gum/gingivitis contributed the largest component. | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls Periodontal parameters (all measures pooled) in OC cases vs controls · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls) · Not specified, Overall (all periodontal measures pooled) Periodontitis and the risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. (2024) | SMD 0.95 [0.41, 1.49] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls Periodontal pocket depth (PPD) in OC cases vs controls · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls) · Not specified, PPD (periodontal pocket depth) Periodontitis and the risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. (2024) | SMD 1.64 [-0.20, 3.47] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Slum residence vs Non-slum urban residence Periodontal pocket (odds), slum vs non-slum residence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs · Cross-sectional, Slum vs non-slum urban (Osuh 2022, Nigeria) Systematic review of oral health in slums and non-slum urban settings of Low and Middle-Income Countries… (2024) | OR 1.50 [1.13, 1.98] | 1 study · 1357 participants | Ungraded |
Genome-wide common variants (aggregate additive; LD score regression) vs Not applicable (variance-component estimate) Periodontal disease - SNP-based heritability · Japanese adults (present-study cohort) · Lifelong (germline genotype), LDSC heritability (present study) Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies two novel loci associated with dental caries. (2024) | h2 (observed-scale SNP heritability) 0.0519 | 1 study · 45525 participants | Ungraded |
Disability (developmental, intellectual, or sensory) vs NA (single-group prevalence; no non-disabled comparison reported) Moderate gingival inflammation / gingival health · Persons with disabilities (children and adults with autism, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or… · Cross-sectional Disabilities and Disparities in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis… (2024) | Narrative synthesis (no pooled estimate). Moderate-to-severe gingival inflammation up to about 60% among PWDs (abstract). Alkahtani 2019 (hearing-impaired adults, single-arm): 60.1% had moderate gingival inflammation… | NR | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Plaque/gingivitis visible in at least one oral region · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 95 | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Male sex vs Female sex Gingivitis · School children aged 3-12 years in Sharjah clinic · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | OR 0.47 [0.24, 0.93] | 1 study · 405 participants | Ungraded |
Down syndrome vs Healthy controls Gingivitis prevalence · Children with Down syndrome in Dubai · Children with Down syndrome Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 65.4 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Autism spectrum disorder vs Not applicable Generalized gingivitis prevalence · Autistic children and young adults in Dubai · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 70.4 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Crohn's disease (CD) vs Healthy controls without IBD Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and controls without IBD; adults, both sexes · Crohn's disease (CD) vs healthy controls Oral Health Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. (2021) | OR 2.10 [1.59, 2.78] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) vs Healthy controls without IBD Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls without IBD; mostly adults (one pediatric study), both sexes Oral Health Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. (2021) | OR 2.49 [1.97, 3.15] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Age 6 years or younger vs Older than 6 years Gingivitis · School children aged 3-12 years in Sharjah clinic · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | OR 0.33 [0.17, 0.62] | 1 study · 405 participants | Ungraded |
Ulcerative colitis (UC) vs Healthy controls without IBD Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls without IBD; adults, both sexes · Ulcerative colitis (UC) vs healthy controls Oral Health Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. (2021) | OR 3.25 [2.23, 4.74] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Cerebral palsy vs Healthy age- and sex-matched controls Gingivitis prevalence · Children with cerebral palsy in Dubai · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 58.8 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Unhealthy gums/gingivitis in all oral regions · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 68.9 | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls) Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies) Oral manifestations of patients with systemic sclerosis: a meta-analysis for case-controlled studies. (2021) | SMD 1.054 [-0.973, 3.081] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Illicit drug use vs People who do not use drugs Periodontal disease · People who use drugs (PWUD): methamphetamine, heroin, opiate, cannabis and cocaine users Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2020) | OR 1.44 [0.80, 2.60] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Higher JIA disease activity/severity (e.g., high JADAS/activity scores, polyarticular RF-negative subtype, active disease, anti-TNFalpha or cyclosporine medication) vs Lower JIA disease activity / inactive or milder JIA Prevalence and severity of oral and TMJ diseases/conditions (periodontal status and dental caries) · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a systematic review and… (2019) | Higher JIA disease activity/severity was associated with worse oral outcomes in several studies: JADAS and global activity scores correlated positively with DMFT and gingival indices [27]; a polyarticular RF-negative… | NR | Ungraded |
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers) Periodontal conditions (gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss) · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a systematic review and… (2019) | Many studies documented poorer periodontal status among children/adolescents with JIA: more gingival inflammation and bleeding [22, 29, 31], bleeding on probing [25], deeper probing depth [25, 26] and periodontal… | NR | Ungraded |
Job-related or family-related stress and pessimistic attitude to life vs Lower stress and no pessimistic attitude Periodontal disease and serum IL-1β IL-6 and cortisol · Patients with aggressive or chronic periodontitis at a university periodontology department Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. (2016) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Perceived stress vs Lower perceived stress Gingival inflammation and GCF IL-1β IL-6 and IL-8 · Adults with gingivitis or periodontitis from a private periodontics practice Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. (2016) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Depression and social isolation (psychosocial strain) vs No depression or lower psychosocial strain Antibody titres to periodontal pathogens · Adults with periodontitis · Baseline and 1-year follow-up Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. (2016) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | Ungraded |