Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM39768885
Disabilities and Disparities in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Saudi Arabia.
Asiri Faris Yahya I, Tennant Marc, Kruger Estie · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/medicina60122005
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
4
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
10
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 4 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Saudi Arabia across all ages (early childhood to adulthood), including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and hearing/sensory impairments | Seven studies; PWDs with autism spectrum disorder (2 studies), Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, and multiple disabilities; children and adults (ages 4 to 18+ years) |
| Intervention | Disability (developmental, intellectual, or sensory) and related oral health challenges | Disability status (ASD, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or multiple disabilities) |
| Comparison | Persons without disabilities in Saudi Arabia | Persons without disabilities (neurotypical siblings/peers), present in the 3 comparative studies (Pani 2013, Alaki 2016, AlShehri 2024); other 4 studies single-arm (no comparison group) |
| Outcomes | Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measured by validated indices (OHIP, GOHAI, CPQ, P-CPQ, etc.), including prevalence of dental caries, gingival inflammation, and overall oral health status | OHRQoL and clinical oral-health outcomes: parental concern/caregiver stress meta-analyzed (SMD 0.43 [0.23, 0.63], 3 studies, n=472, I2=0%); overall OHRQoL impact, dental caries prevalence/severity (60% to over 80%), and gingival inflammation (up to 60%) synthesized narratively |
| Study designs | Primary peer-reviewed observational studies in English published within the last 25 years; interventional studies and reviews excluded | 6 cross-sectional studies and 1 case-control study |
| Timing | Not specified | Cross-sectional (single time point) |
Search date: 1 July 2024 (initial search); 25 September 2024 (last update). Databases: PubMed; ISI Web of Science; Scopus; Google Scholar
Questions and results
Child has a disability (special needs) vs Parents/caregivers of children without disabilities
Population: Parents/caregivers of children with disabilities (special needs; autism spectrum disorder or unspecified disability) in Saudi Arabia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) Cross-sectional Parents of children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia report significantly greater concern/stress about their child's oral health than parents of children without disabilities (pooled SMD 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.63; I2=0%; 3 studies); not GRADE-rated. Source: Figure 2 (forest plot, parental concern indices, pooled diamond); Results 4.5 'Results of the Meta-Analysis' · same question in other reviews | SMD 0.43 [0.23, 0.63] | 3 studies · 472 participants | Ungraded |
Disability (developmental, intellectual, or sensory) vs Persons without disabilities
Population: Persons with disabilities (children and adults with autism, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or multiple disabilities) in Saudi Arabia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) impact (self- and proxy/caregiver-reported) Cross-sectional Persons with disabilities in Saudi Arabia report poorer overall oral health-related quality of life and greater oral-health impact than those without disabilities, synthesized narratively without a pooled estimate (ungraded). Source: Results 4.3.1 'Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)'; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Narrative synthesis (no pooled estimate). PWDs reported reduced functional, emotional, and social well-being and greater oral-health impact on quality of life. AlJameel 2021 (Down syndrome): 34.9% of children and 46%… | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries prevalence and severity Cross-sectional Dental caries prevalence and severity are high among persons with disabilities in Saudi Arabia (60% to over 80%), and the one comparative autism study reported significantly higher caries than controls; synthesized narratively (ungraded). Source: Results 4.3.2 'Clinical Oral Health Indices'; Table 3; Abstract · same question in other reviews | Narrative synthesis (no pooled estimate). High dental caries burden among PWDs: caries prevalence 60% to over 80% (abstract). Alkahtani 2019 (hearing-impaired adults, single-arm): caries prevalence 82.2%, treatment… | NR | Ungraded |
Moderate gingival inflammation / gingival health Cross-sectional Gingival inflammation is common among persons with disabilities in Saudi Arabia (moderate-to-severe up to about 60%), reported narratively without a pooled comparative estimate (ungraded). Source: Results 4.3.2 'Clinical Oral Health Indices'; Table 3; Abstract · same question in other reviews | Narrative synthesis (no pooled estimate). Moderate-to-severe gingival inflammation up to about 60% among PWDs (abstract). Alkahtani 2019 (hearing-impaired adults, single-arm): 60.1% had moderate gingival inflammation… | NR | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 10
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaki 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| AlJameel 2021 Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Children with Down Syndrome and Their Families: A Cross-Sectional Study. PMID:34828667 | this review only | Overall oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) impact (self- and proxy/caregiver-reported) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alkahtani 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alkahtani 2019 Oral Health Status, Treatment Needs and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Hearing Impaired Adults in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. PMID:31358720 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alshehri 2024 Body mass index, oral health status and OHRQoL among special health care needs children and parenting stress: a case-control study in… PMID:38548646 | this review only | Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| AlShehri 2024 Body mass index, oral health status and OHRQoL among special health care needs children and parenting stress: a case-control study in… DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2024.044 | this review only | Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Alwattban 2021 Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life According to Dental Caries Severity, Body Mass Index and Sociodemographic Indicators in Children with… PMID:34768328 | this review only | Overall oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) impact (self- and proxy/caregiver-reported) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pani 2013 Parental perceptions of the oral health‐related quality of life of autistic children in Saudi Arabia DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00294.x | this review only | Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pani 2013 Parental perceptions of the oral health-related quality of life of autistic children in Saudi Arabia. PMID:23278143 | this review only | Parental concern / caregiver stress indices (parental perception and parenting stress about the child's oral health) | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pani 2020 The Impact of Gross Motor Function on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy in Saudi Arabia. PMID:32190052 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |