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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
830 questions in 43 reviews · Orthodontics
current versionsNo studies 186 · 22.4%Ungraded 410 · 49.4%Very low 122 · 14.7%Low 79 · 9.5%Moderate 30 · 3.6%High 3 · 0.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD 16.57 [12.89, 20.25] | 2 studies · 326 participants | Low |
Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Control: fluoride toothpaste alone, placebo mouthrinse + toothpaste, or non-fluoride (chlorhexidine) mouthrinse + toothpaste Incidence of initial caries around brackets, aesthetic-zone teeth only · Children, adolescents and adults undergoing fixed (multi-bracket) orthodontic treatment · At debonding (Gorelick index), Aesthetic zone (central and lateral incisors, canines) Fluoride mouthrinses for prevention of initial caries in orthodontic patients - a systematic review and… (2025) | In two studies, a significant reduction of the incidence of initial caries around orthodontic brackets was reported in the FMR group when only teeth in the 'aesthetic zone' (central and lateral incisors, canines) were… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Stimulated salivary flow rate · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | Stimulated salivary flow rate significantly lower in anorexic patients (Paszynska 2015 Nov 1.20 vs 1.57 ml/min, p=0.005; Paszynska 2018 0.99 vs 1.45 ml/min, p<0.00001); reported narratively, not meta-analyzed | 2 studies · 126 participants | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Salivary pH · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD -0.39 [-0.54, -0.24] | 3 studies · 180 participants | Low |
Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Control: fluoride toothpaste alone, placebo mouthrinse + toothpaste, or non-fluoride (chlorhexidine) mouthrinse + toothpaste Incidence of proximal (interdental) caries lesions from bitewing radiographs · Children, adolescents and adults undergoing fixed (multi-bracket) orthodontic treatment · At debonding (~23-24 months) Fluoride mouthrinses for prevention of initial caries in orthodontic patients - a systematic review and… (2025) | In one study assessments of proximal caries incidence were made as well [18]. However, just the data on the incidence of white spot lesions was included in our meta-analysis as different endpoints for the assessments… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Salivary alpha-amylase · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD 6.32 [-6.14, 18.79] | 4 studies · 226 participants | Low |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Unstimulated salivary flow rate · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD -0.27 [-0.31, -0.24] | 4 studies · 316 participants | Moderate |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Gingival (marginal) recession · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | Marginal/gingival recession significantly higher in anorexia nervosa patients (Pallier 2.8% vs 0.0%, p<0.01; Touyz 10.2% vs 2.0%, p<0.001); not meta-analyzed | 2 studies · 136 participants | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Dental erosion · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | Significant prevalence of dental erosion in anorexic patients vs controls, though BEWE scores indicated low erosive-wear risk (Mascitti BEWE 5.2+/-4.5; Paszynska 16.2% at BEWE 3-8); not meta-analyzed | 2 studies · 270 participants | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Dental plaque accumulation (plaque index) · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | In 2 of 3 studies anorexic patients had significantly higher plaque accumulation than controls (Pallier 78.8% vs 53.0%, p<0.01; Paszynska 43.8% vs 13.7%, p<0.001; Milosevic 84% vs 72%, NS); not meta-analyzed | 3 studies · 394 participants | Ungraded |
Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Control: fluoride toothpaste alone, placebo mouthrinse + toothpaste, or non-fluoride (chlorhexidine) mouthrinse + toothpaste Incidence of initial enamel caries / white spot lesions adjacent to bracket base (subject level, dichotomized) · Children, adolescents and adults undergoing fixed (multi-bracket) orthodontic treatment · End of intervention (6-26 months) to within 6 weeks after debonding Fluoride mouthrinses for prevention of initial caries in orthodontic patients - a systematic review and… (2025) | RD -0.07 [-0.14, -0.01] | 5 studies · 491 participants | Ungraded |
Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Control: fluoride toothpaste alone, placebo mouthrinse + toothpaste, or non-fluoride (chlorhexidine) mouthrinse + toothpaste Adverse effects / harms (side effects) · Children, adolescents and adults undergoing fixed (multi-bracket) orthodontic treatment · During treatment Fluoride mouthrinses for prevention of initial caries in orthodontic patients - a systematic review and… (2025) | No side- or adverse effects were reported in any of the included reports. | 7 studies · 704 participants | Ungraded |
Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy individuals without anorexia nervosa (age- and sex-matched controls) Caries experience (DMFT index) · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general… The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic… (2025) | MD 2.00 [0.87, 3.13] | 4 studies · 406 participants | Low |
Experimental orthodontic composite containing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Superficial surface (enamel) mineralization (surface microhardness) · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · pH cycling 28 days, Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | A study using an orthodontic composite containing nano-hydroxyapatite showed statistically significant remineralization compared with control orthodontic adhesives [34]. | 1 study | Ungraded |
ACP light-cure adhesive vs Control Transbond XT adhesive Enamel demineralization score · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · 1 month after bonding Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | At T1, the control group had an average demineralization score of 3.39 (±1.29), whereas the ACP group had a notably lower average score of 2.58 (±1.11) (p-value of 0.000). | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Multistrand stainless steel arch wire Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire vs Conventional NiTi arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.51, 0.51] | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask (RME) or modified facemask vs Other non-surgical orthodontic treatments (mini maxillary protractor, Pushing Splints, modified tandem, Reverse Forsus, reverse Twin Block, reverse chin cup, tongue appliance, Frankel III) Perceived need for surgery in adulthood · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | SoF3: Perceived need for surgery in adulthood - Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bone-anchored intermaxillary traction (BAIMT) vs Removable mandibular retractor (RMR) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 1-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.70 [0.25, 1.15] | 1 study · 38 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic removable traction appliance (ORTA) vs Untreated control (no treatment) Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.96 [4.71, 7.21] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask (with frame internal fixation) vs Frankel III functional appliance Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.06 [-0.26, 0.38] | 1 study · 34 participants | Ungraded |
Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate) Incidence of new ICLs (mean number of new lesions per subject) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new… · During fixed orthodontic treatment (development of new lesions), Overall (random-effects model) Distribution of initial caries lesions in relation to fixed orthodontic therapy. A systematic review and… (2024) | MEAN 2.29 [1.12, 3.46] | 5 studies · 208 participants | Very low |
One-step adhesive bonding system (GC Ortho Connect) vs Conventional three-step bonding system (3M Transbond XT) White spot lesion incidence, area, and depth · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · 2 and 4 months after treatment start Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | Group 3 (GC Ortho Connect) showed a significantly higher incidence than both groups (p < 0.001). Group 3 (GC Ortho Connect) also had larger lesion areas and deeper lesions compared to other groups (p < 0.001). | 1 study · 75 participants | Ungraded |
Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate) Prevalence of ICLs (mean number of lesions per subject) · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances · During or after fixed orthodontic treatment (cross-sectional/at debonding), Overall (random-effects model) Distribution of initial caries lesions in relation to fixed orthodontic therapy. A systematic review and… (2024) | MEAN 2.24 [1.79, 2.70] | 6 studies · 484 participants | Very low |
Commercial fluoride-releasing RMGIC orthodontic adhesive (Fuji Ortho LC) vs Conventional non-fluoride control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) Fluoride ion release · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · up to 6 months, Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | One study reported significant fluoride release from the commercial RMGIC Fuji Ortho LC up to 6 months [14]. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Mandibular headgear vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | Arun 1994 (n=60): ANB data not usable (no SDs); Mann-Whitney P<0.001 benefit for mandibular headgear. Effect ~0.5 degrees, probably not clinically significant. | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Reverse Twin Block with lip pads and rapid maxillary expander (RME) vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.66 [2.73, 4.59] | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Opal Seal fluoride-releasing primer vs Conventional Transbond XT primer White spot lesion area · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · During orthodontic treatment Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | There was no significant difference in the WSL area between the two groups, with the mean WSL area measuring 161.3 mm2 in the Opal Seal group and 1361.2 mm2 in the conventional group. | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Reverse Forsus vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 2.84 [1.89, 3.79] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Non-surgical orthodontic treatment (any: facemask, chin cup, tandem traction bow, mandibular headgear, ORTA, reverse Twin Block, Reverse Forsus) vs No treatment Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment (9 to 15 months) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.03 [3.81, 6.25] | 4 studies · 184 participants | Moderate |
Orthodontic adhesives containing nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (n-ACP) particles/nanoparticles vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Enamel remineralization extent · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · pH cycling / biofilm challenge 14 to 28 days, Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | Studies using orthodontic adhesives containing n-ACP showed statistically significant remineralization compared with control orthodontic adhesives [15, 33]. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.58 [2.78, 4.37] | 2 studies · 72 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glass (BAG) particles/nanoparticles (including Ag-, Zn-, fluoride-, or Ga-doped BAG) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Enamel remineralization / anti-demineralization extent · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · pH cycling 14 days to 6 months (majority 14 days), Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | Out of 13 studies that evaluated bioactive glass particles/nanoparticles, 9 reported definitive statistically significant remineralization potential compared to control orthodontic adhesives [17, 21-24, 26-28, 31]; one… | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Surgically-anchored orthodontic treatment (miniplates) vs Untreated control (no treatment) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 7.69 [6.99, 8.40] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment (9 to 15 months) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.04 [4.29, 5.80] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Facemask only Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.10 [-1.08, 1.29] | 2 studies · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 4 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.64 [-4.61, -0.67] | 2 studies · 64 participants | Moderate |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Reverse chin cup ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.20 [-0.71, 1.11] | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing light-cure adhesive vs Conventional adhesive (Transbond XT) Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35) · 1 and 6 months Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | Alshammari 2019 (1 triple-blinded RCT, 26 patients / 255 teeth): DIAGNOdent demineralization scores were lower with ACP than control at 1 month (2.58 +/-1.11 vs 3.39 +/-1.29) and 6 months (3.41 +/-1.11 vs 4.32… | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Tandem traction bow appliance vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.70 [1.09, 2.31] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Self-esteem (Piers-Harris self-concept scale) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 3-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.60 [-2.57, 3.77] | 1 study · 63 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Facemask with alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.46 [-1.03, 0.10] | 4 studies · 131 participants | Low |
Antibacterial S. mutans reduction only in Farzanegan (chitosan+TiO2); Mollabashi (TiO2-only) showed no significant antibacterial effect - not attributable to TiO2 alone vs Conventional adhesive/composite (Transbond XT) Antibacterial effect (Streptococcus mutans count, real-time PCR) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35) · 1 day to 6 months, Antibacterial (S. mutans) Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | Two RCTs gave conflicting antibacterial results: Farzanegan 2021 reported a significant decrease in S. mutans with the chitosan plus TiO2 adhesive (p=0.01 lateral incisors; p=0.001 second premolars); Mollabashi 2022… | 2 studies · 64 participants | Ungraded |
Light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement vs Resin adhesive (Transbond XT) First-time bracket failure · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · Before and after treatment Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | No differences were observed in the proportions of patients experiencing first-time bracket failures when participants were bonded with either resin adhesive or RM-GIC (p > 0.05). | 1 study · 197 participants | Ungraded |
Chin cup (600 g force) vs Chin cup (300 g force) Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.30 [-1.12, 0.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate) Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of tooth surfaces developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new… · During fixed orthodontic treatment (development of new lesions), Overall (random-effects model) Distribution of initial caries lesions in relation to fixed orthodontic therapy. A systematic review and… (2024) | Proportion 0.15 [0.08, 0.26] | 4 studies · 1890 participants | Very low |
Hybrid Hyrax (RME) with miniscrews and Class III elastics vs Conventional Hyrax (RME) with miniscrews and Class III elastics Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.91 [-0.56, 2.38] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Adhesive precoated flash-free brackets vs Conventional ceramic brackets Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent score) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · Baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after bonding Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | Intergroup evaluation showed that there were no statistically significant differences in demineralization measurements between all sides of the conventional and flash-free brackets at all the time intervals (p >0.05). | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Conventional (stabilised) NiTi arch wire Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Transbond XT with 1% chitosan and 1% TiO2 nanoparticles vs Transbond XT adhesive Streptococcus mutans count · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · 1 day, 2 months, and 6 months after bonding Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | Experimental group: significant decrease in S. mutans count was observed at the time points of 1 day, 2 months, and 6 months for both maxillary lateral incisor (p = 0.01) and maxillary second premolar teeth (p = 0.001). | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |