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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
361 questions in 74 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral hydromorphone vs placebo Deaths · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Hydromorphone for neuropathic pain in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Substantial benefit: at least 50% reduction in pain, or PGIC much improved · Adults with chronic neuropathic pain Fentanyl for neuropathic pain in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with fibromyalgia Antipsychotics for fibromyalgia in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol 500 mg to 650 mg vs placebo Pain‐free at 4 hours · adults with episodic tension‐type headache Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol 500 mg to 650 mg vs placebo Pain‐free at 2 hours · adults with episodic tension‐type headache Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol 500 mg to 650 mg vs placebo Pain‐free at 1 hour · adults with episodic tension‐type headache Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration) Time to feeding after surgery · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham block) Duration of hospitalisation · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | None of the included studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Intravenous analgesia Duration of postoperative analgesia · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Parasympathomimetic drugs (choline esters, cholinesterase inhibitors) vs No treatment Outcome NR · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs amitriptyline Symptomatic/analgesic medication use for acute headache attacks · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs amitriptyline Quality of life · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo Quality of life · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement… Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laminectomy plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy Local recurrence · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (single lesion, no prior radiotherapy, fit for surgery) Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laminectomy plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (single lesion, no prior radiotherapy, fit for surgery) Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decompressive surgery plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy Local recurrence · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (fit for surgery, paraplegic less than 48 hours, and without… Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decompressive surgery plus radiotherapy vs radiotherapy Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (fit for surgery, paraplegic less than 48 hours, and without… Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids Local recurrence ‐ · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis) Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis) Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal… Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death · adults with fibromyalgia Milnacipran for pain in fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in other outcomes · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tramadol vs fentanyl Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tramadol vs morphine Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Participants with a serious adverse event · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Deaths · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo Quality of life · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain or equivalent (moderate) · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR "Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · Adults with cancer pain Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · Adults with cancer pain Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · Adults with cancer pain Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR "Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · adults with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (lower limb) Cervico‐thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (lower limb) Cervico‐thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change: much or very much improved · adults with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (lower limb) Cervico‐thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death · adults with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (lower limb) Cervico‐thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sustained pain‐free at 24 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious AE · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sustained pain‐free at 24 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sustained headache relief at 24 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |