What do systematic reviews say?

Erythrocytapheresis vs phlebotomy

• Interventions for hereditary haemochromatosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Laparoscopic vs open transhiatal oesophagectomy

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes long‐term mortality compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).

• Laparoscopic versus open transhiatal oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
  2 studies · 193 participants
  Very low

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy vs open distal pancreatectomy

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes long‐term mortality compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).

• Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.82, 1.12]
  3 studies · 277 participants
  Very low

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

It is very uncertain whether duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection changes long‐term mortality compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (very low certainty).

• Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection versus pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.65 [0.31, 1.34]
  4 studies · 229 participants
  Very low

Inhaled NO vs placebo or conventional therapy

• Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality at longest (very low certainty).

• Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.83 [1.03, 3.27]
  1 study · 201 participants
  Very low

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in long‐term mortalityc compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

• Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
  7 studies · 6236 participants
  Low

PCT vs non‐PCT (standard care or CRP: primary outcomes)

PCT showed no clear difference in mortality at longest compared with non‐PCT (standard care or CRP: primary outcomes) (low certainty).

• Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.65, 1.01]
  10 studies · 1156 participants
  Low

Early vs late tracheostomy

Early probably leads to lower mortality at longest compared with late tracheostomy (moderate certainty).

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
  7 studies · 1903 participants
  Moderate

Family therapy vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (short duration) vs prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy be used

Should short‐course antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in mortality MRSA compared with prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy be used (moderate certainty).

• Short‐course versus prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.32, 5.09]
  1 study · 42 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes overall mortality ‐ longest compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

• Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.37, 2.33]
  3 studies · 421 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality: longest (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.89, 1.25]
  9 studies · 21339 participants
  Moderate

Laparoscopic gastrectomy vs open gastrectomy

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic gastrectomy changes long‐term mortality (maximal compared with open gastrectomy (very low certainty).

• Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.7, 1.25]
  3 studies · 195 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality within the longest (low certainty).

• The effects of high perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for adult surgical patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.93, 1.36]
  3 studies · 4758 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality within the longest (very low certainty).

• The effects of high perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for adult surgical patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.87, 1.33]
  6 studies · 4525 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics (short duration) vs prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy be used

Should short‐course antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in mortality NF‐GNB compared with prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy be used (low certainty).

• Short‐course versus prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.95 [0.39, 2.27]
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Outpatient showed no clear difference in long‐term all‐cause mortality compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

• Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.06, 15.58]
  2 studies · 451 participants
  Low

Dopexamine vs dopamine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Enoximone vs dobutamine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found