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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
10,375 questions in 429 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 13%Ungraded 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Atraumatic restorative treatment with high-viscosity GIC (class I) vs Amalgam restoration Restoration success/failure · Children (5-7 years) with caries in primary teeth · 12 months Minimal intervention dentistry for managing carious lesions into dentine in primary teeth: an umbrella review. (2022) | RR 0.93 [0.83, 1.06] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Amalgam (A) vs Preformed metal crown (PMC) Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with carious primary molars treated by pulpotomy (vital pulp therapy) · 1 year, University, Turkey (Sonmez and Duruturk 2010), Amalgam (A) arm Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious lesions in pulp treated… (2022) | AFR 14.3 | 1 study · 83 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Difference in summary sensitivity (NMA, Analysis 2) · Transillumination vs Visual Enamel Caries Detection and Diagnosis: An Analysis of Systematic Reviews. (2022) | Sensitivity difference (95% CrI) -0.06 [-0.19, 0.05] | NR | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm after treatment): 9 studies reported; all showed increased closed pockets after treatment; 8 of 9 found no between-group difference; Koshy 2005 found a greater change in both… | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of CDH17 (chr8q22.1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only, CDH17 (chr8q22.1); 23 (5) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 1.74 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing (exposure) vs No, less, or less powerful food marketing Food preference · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years · Predominantly high-income countries, Nonrandomized studies Association of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing With Children and Adolescents' Eating Behaviors and… (2022) | SMD 0.21 [0.07, 0.35] | 4 studies · 1972 participants | Very low |
Oral cytology (e.g. OralCDx brush biopsy, CytID) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Oral cytology (e.g. brush biopsy) was added to the list of eligible index tests in this update; no eligible studies evaluated it (evidence gap). | 0 studies | No studies |
Observed population vs Not applicable Oral problems prevalence · Pediatric leukemia patients in the United Arab Emirates · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 60 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Conventional bitewing radiography, F-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard) Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro) · In vitro (laboratory; extracted teeth); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Caries detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | AUC 0.72 | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Visual or visual-tactile classification systems (any system: ICDAS, ERK, Nyvad, Downer, Lussi, UniViSS, or unspecified) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation) Specificity for detection of enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies), Non-histology reference standard (excavation, radiographs, separation) Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.86 [0.76, 0.92] | NR | Ungraded |
TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CT/CC genotype vs TT genotype (dominant model) Dental caries susceptibility (risk of dental caries) · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility · Case-control studies of children and adults (China, India, Czech Republic, Turkey), Dentition: Mixed dentition caries Association Between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) Gene Polymorphism and Dental Caries Risk: A Meta-analysis. (2021) | OR 1.37 [0.81, 2.33] | 2 studies · 270 participants | Ungraded |
Analogue (conventional) radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination) Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.44 [0.38, 0.50] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
Fluoride-releasing glass ionomer-based bonding agent vs Non-fluoride glass ionomer-based bonding agent Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances · 1-24 months follow-up, Patients undergoing fixed (multibracket) orthodontic appliance treatment; clinical/dental setting; analysis at tooth level, Glass ionomer-based bonding agent Efficacy of sealants and bonding materials during fixed orthodontic treatment to prevent enamel… (2021) | RR 0.64 [0.41, 0.99] | 1 study · 144 participants | Ungraded |
Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard) Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro) · In vitro (laboratory; extracted teeth); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Dentin detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | AUC 0.83 | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Bonded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) vs Banded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) Stability of crossbite correction (relapse of canine expansion) · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or… · 24 weeks after completion of expansion Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites (2021) · Cochrane | Bonded Minne 1.6 mm (SD 0.5) vs Banded Minne 1.2 mm (SD 0.3); P=NS | 1 study | Ungraded |
Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction Root resorption of the impacted canine or adjacent incisors and first premolars · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC) Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for… (2021) · Cochrane | The studies did not report adverse events. | 0 studies | No studies |
TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CC genotype vs TT genotype (homozygous model) Dental caries susceptibility (risk of dental caries) · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility · Case-control studies of children and adults (China, India, Czech Republic, Turkey), Ethnicity: Asian Association Between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) Gene Polymorphism and Dental Caries Risk: A Meta-analysis. (2021) | OR 1.38 [0.55, 3.50] | 5 studies · 1932 participants | Ungraded |
Presence of dental plaque vs Absence of dental plaque Dental caries (presence) · Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries · Community-, school-, and hospital/clinic-based populations across regions of Ethiopia Dental caries and associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) | OR 5.14 [0.67, 39.39] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Conventional bitewing radiography, E-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard) Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro) · In vitro (laboratory; extracted teeth); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Caries detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | Sensitivity 0.42 [0.28, 0.57] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Water samples with fluoride concentration below the acceptable range External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against… (2021) | Prevalence 45.0 [26.1, 64.7] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Fixed Hyrax maxillary expander vs Fixed fan-type maxillary expander Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or… · post-treatment 3 weeks Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites (2021) · Cochrane | Gopalakrishnan 2017: Hyrax 6.00 (SD 0.63) mm vs fan-type 7.33 (SD 2.5) mm; P=0.235 (NS) | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Dental caries prevalence · Preschool children attending Al Ain pediatric dentistry department · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 99.4 | 1 study · 176 participants | Ungraded |
Chemotherapy regimen A (+/- locoregional treatment) vs Chemotherapy regimen B (+/- locoregional treatment) Disease-free survival, chemotherapy regimen A vs regimen B · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Induction cisplatin+5-FU+docetaxel vs cisplatin+5-FU: disease-free survival HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.91, P = 0.006; Vermorken 2007). Prior to concurrent chemoradiation: Posner 2007 HR 0.71 (0.56 to 0.90, P = 0.005).… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -8.40 [-12.19, -4.61] | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |
External control of fluoride concentration vs Not applicable Samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range · Brazilian cities with artificially fluoridated public water supplies · 1995-2013, Brazil, Sensitivity analysis excluding Silva et al. External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against… (2021) | Prevalence 47.1 [39.6, 54.7] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Lacebacks with fixed appliances vs Fixed appliances only (control) Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · 6 months Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.83 [-6.41, 8.07] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) · Individuals with permanent dentition in East Africa · Community- and school-based populations, East Africa, Ethiopia Prevalence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in East Africa, 2000-2020: Systematic Review and… (2021) | MEAN 1.182 [1.135, 1.229] | NR | Ungraded |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel prior to concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) vs concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.08 [0.80, 1.44] | 3 studies · 760 participants | Low |
Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2095) vs Histological validation (serial sectioning, grinding, hemisection, or microradiography) Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the caries detection level (D0 versus D1-D4) · Extracted human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars), occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces · in vitro Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods for occlusal surface caries. (2021) | AUC 0.81 | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Mean dmft (decayed, missing, filled primary teeth) · Children with primary dentition in East Africa · Community- and school-based populations, East Africa Prevalence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in East Africa, 2000-2020: Systematic Review and… (2021) | MEAN 2.237 [1.293, 3.181] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Community/population-based (multiple countries), Children's age: over 3 years Asked by 2 reviewsCorrelation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.56 [1.46, 1.67] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
High snack consumption vs Low snack consumption Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | OR 1.80 [1.26, 2.58] | 1 study · 1036 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Dental caries prevalence · Somalia Prevalence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in East Africa, 2000-2020: Systematic Review and… (2021) | Prevalence 0.414 [0.109, 0.719] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size vs ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size Complications (e.g. discomfort, pain and swelling) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring… · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site… (2021) · Cochrane | Included study (Hoang 2012) reported there were no adverse effects | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Locoregional control, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel prior to concurrent chemoradiation vs concurrent chemoradiation · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.80 [0.64, 0.99] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Schwarz appliance vs No active treatment (control) Size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length, change) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · 9 months Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.11 [-0.46, 0.68] | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls) Probing depth (PD) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies) · Hospital/clinic-based case-control studies from Asia, America and Europe Oral manifestations of patients with systemic sclerosis: a meta-analysis for case-controlled studies. (2021) | SMD 3.101 [1.374, 4.829] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination) Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies), Reference standard: enhanced visual (non-CBCT) Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.47 [0.29, 0.66] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Conventional bitewing radiography, E-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard) Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro) · In vitro (laboratory; extracted teeth); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Dentin detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | DOR 31.40 [14.31, 68.93] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Visual or visual-tactile classification systems (any system: ICDAS, ERK, Nyvad, Downer, Lussi, UniViSS, or unspecified) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation) Sensitivity for detection of enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies), Primary/mixed dentition Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.87 [0.80, 0.92] | NR | Ungraded |
Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination) Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies), Permanent dentition (non-CBCT) Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.44 [0.37, 0.51] | NR | Ungraded |
ARP with alloplast plus barrier membrane vs ARP with alloplast without membrane Changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring… · 9 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site… (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.38 [0.26, 0.5] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Non-selective carious tissue removal and conventional restoration (CR) vs Selective carious tissue removal (selective excavation, SE) Failure of therapy · Children and/or adults with permanent or primary teeth, vital (sensitive) pulps, and cavitated or dentine carious… · 12 months, Cavitated but not deep lesions, primary dentition Interventions for treating cavitated or dentine carious lesions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.62 [0.21, 1.88] | 2 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Digital bitewing radiography, phosphor plate (PSP) vs Direct visual examination after tooth separation or bioptical cavity preparation Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Patients with permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces assessed clinically (in vivo) · In vivo (clinical); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Dentin detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | Specificity 0.60 [0.20, 0.90] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Visual classification: ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation) Specificity for detection of enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children… · Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.76 [0.67, 0.83] | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Private day care vs Public day care Dental caries prevalence · Preschool children in Sharjah day cares · Private day cares Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Prevalence 77 | 1 study · 435 participants | Ungraded |
ARP with alloplast plus barrier membrane vs ARP with alloplast without membrane Aesthetic outcomes of future prosthodontic rehabilitation · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring… · 9 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site… (2021) · Cochrane | Outcome not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Conventional bitewing radiography, F-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard) Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro) · In vitro (laboratory; extracted teeth); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Caries detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | Specificity 0.88 [0.74, 0.95] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Direct visual examination after tooth separation or bioptical cavity preparation Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (dentin detection level) · Patients with permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces assessed clinically (in vivo) · In vivo (clinical); permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces, Dentin detection level Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies of proximal surface caries. (2021) | Specificity 0.60 [0.15, 0.93] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction Incidence of eruption of the PDC into the mouth · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC) · 48 months (maximum; mITT) Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.06, 1.54] | 2 studies · 96 participants | Ungraded |