What do systematic reviews say?

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) may leads to higher leaving the study early/loss to compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (low certainty).

• Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [1.17, 2.37]
  5 studies · 562 participants
  Low

PHASE SPECIFIC TREATMENT (RISPERIDONE + CBT) + SPECIALISED TEAM vs SPECIALISED TEAM

• Early intervention for psychosis 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Moderate

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.6]
  2 studies · 100 participants
  Very low
• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.06, 13.54]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) changes leaving the study early compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

• Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.31, 3.25]
  1 study · 102 participants
  Very low

Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs

Combinations of antipsychotic drugs showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with single antipsychotic drugs (low certainty).

• Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.07]
  43 studies · 3137 participants
  Low

Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs usual care

Oral health education (advice and training) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond… (moderate certainty).

• Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.67 [0.45, 6.24]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Moderate

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Motivational interview plus oral health education showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with oral health education (moderate certainty).

• Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 3.00 [0.33, 27.23]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Moderate

Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring

Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under… showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with no monitoring (moderate certainty).

• Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.07 [1.00, 1.14]
  1 study · 1682 participants
  Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

• Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [0.84, 2.24]
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with ORAL NEUROLEPTICS (low certainty).

• Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.73, 1.25]
  10 studies · 937 participants
  Low

FLUPHENAZINE DECANAOTE vs FLUPHENAZINE ENANTHATE

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE DECANAOTE changes leaving the study early compared with FLUPHENAZINE ENANTHATE (very low certainty).

• Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.43 [0.71, 8.32]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE changes leaving the study early compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

• Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.77, 2.19]
  4 studies · 216 participants
  Very low

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs ANY OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with ANY OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT (moderate certainty).

• Supportive therapy for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.87, 1.21]
  19 studies · 1412 participants
  Moderate

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs cognitive behavioural therapy

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (moderate certainty).

• Supportive therapy for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.77, 1.44]
  12 studies · 812 participants
  Moderate

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs FAMILY THERAPY

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes leaving the study early compared with FAMILY THERAPY (very low certainty).

• Supportive therapy for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.56, 2.89]
  2 studies · 87 participants
  Very low

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs PSYCHOEDUCATION

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes leaving the study early compared with PSYCHOEDUCATION (very low certainty).

• Supportive therapy for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.21, 1.54]
  2 studies · 71 participants
  Very low

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes leaving the study early compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

• Supportive therapy for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.53, 1.4]
  4 studies · 354 participants
  Very low