Cochrane · systematic review · CD006196
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia
Sampson, S, Mansour, M, Maayan, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2013 · Cochrane Library
SchizophreniaAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
42
current version
GRADE rated
24
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 18 · 42.9%Very low 12 · 28.6%Low 9 · 21.4%Moderate 3 · 7.1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 2.46 [1.7, 3.54] | 7 studies · 436 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.65 [1.33, 2.06] | 5 studies · 626 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 133 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychaitric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: by long term (+26 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.15 [0.58, 2.3] | 4 studies · 165 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/ loss to ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.63 [1.23, 2.15] | 10 studies · 996 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 2.33 [1.32, 4.12] | 2 studies · 155 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.16 [1.33, 2.08] | 5 studies · 625 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 82 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 0.56 [0.19, 1.7] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/loss to INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.67 [1.17, 2.37] | 5 studies · 562 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/ loss to INTERMITTENT (CRISIS INTERVENTION) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.57 [1.23, 2] | 1 study · 237 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 2.76 [1.63, 4.67] | 3 studies · 219 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Global state: average score: long term (+26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/ loss to INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 2.12 [0.7, 6.37] | 3 studies · 257 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.7 [0.54, 5.38] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Hospitalisation: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 0.26 [0.03, 2.14] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.64 [0.82, 3.3] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/ loss to INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY | RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.2] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE compared with PLACEBO for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Relapse: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | RR 0.36 [0.23, 0.57] | 2 studies · 288 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Hospitalisation: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Global state: average score: medium term (13‐25 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mental state: average score: medium term (13‐25 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Leaving the study early/ loss to ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO | RR 1.97 [1.28, 3.01] | 2 studies · 90 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |