Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

18 questions · 18 findings · 16 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 1 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 55.6%Low 2 · 11.1%Moderate 2 · 11.1%High 3 · 16.7%

Gabapentin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 4346 participants
High

Cannabis‐based medicines vs placebo medication

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with cancer‐related pain

Cannabis‐based medicines showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo medication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis‐based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.04 [0, 0.08]
4 studies · 1332 participants
Moderate

Opioids vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with sickle cell disease in a vaso‐occlusive crisis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any combination of two or more drugs vs placebo or other comparators, or both,

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Cannabis‐based medicines vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with chronic neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis‐based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1848 participants
Moderate

TENS vs sham TENS

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 54 participants
Very low

Gabapentin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 150 participants
Very low

Amitriptyline vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 123 participants
Very low

Citalopram vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children (4 to 18 years) with functional abdominal pain disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 107 participants
Very low

Oxycodone MR vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain (2 studies in peripheral diabetic neuropathy and 1 study in postherpetic neuralgia)

1 finding from 1 review

Oxycodone for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 680 participants
Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin for pain in fibromyalgia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1874 participants
High

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with tension‐type headache

It is very uncertain whether SSRIs or SNRIs changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.72 [0.79, 17.53]
3 studies · 190 participants
Very low

NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with sickle cell disease in a vaso‐occlusive crisis

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Methadone vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with chronic neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 29 participants
Very low

Mirtazapine vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia

Mirtazapine showed no clear difference in tolerability: withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.01
3 studies · 606 participants
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Withdrawals ‐ adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 5790 participants
High

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.04, 3.18]
1 study · 179 participants
Low