Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Adverse effects: nystagmus Duration of treatment (range): 16–18 weeks · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Vigabatrin showed no clear difference in adverse effects: nystagmus Duration of treatment (range): 16–18 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension vs midurethral sling procedures

Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension showed no clear difference in adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) compared with midurethral sling procedures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples

Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures showed no clear difference in adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) compared with laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension

Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension showed no clear difference in adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) compared with open colposuspension (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Investigator‐assessed severe adverse effects Application site blister · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    1 study · 266 participants
    Very low

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator‐assessed severe adverse effects Application site blister · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris
1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

Cannabidiol vs AMISULPRIDE

Adverse effects: measured adverse events ‐ medium term ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

Adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ At least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia

HALOPERIDOL may leads to higher adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ At least one movement disorder compared with LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

Adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ At least one movement disorder · patients with schizophrenia

Comparison 1: PERPHENAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ at least one movement disorder compared with LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents

Weight gain · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Brexpiprazole probably leads to higher adverse effects: weight gain (followed up until the end of the longest compared with antidepressive agents (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs acupuncture

Adverse effects: sedation, impaired cognitive function, blurred vision · patients with motion sickness

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Adverse effects: neurological, extrapyramidal UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: neurological, extrapyramidal UKU (events) Medium‐term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TNF‐α blockers intervention vs placebo or additional treatment

Rash · children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease

It is very uncertain whether TNF‐α blockers intervention changes adverse effects after treatment initiation: cutaneous reactions (rash) compared with placebo or additional treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA changes adverse effects: EPS: akathisia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review