Cochrane · systematic review · CD004837
Cannabis and schizophrenia
McLoughlin, BC, Pushpa‐Rajah, JA, Gillies, D, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2014 · Cochrane Library
SchizophreniaAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
28
current version
GRADE rated
9
No studies
19
Included studies
NR
No studies 19 · 67.9%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 9 · 32.1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY versus TREATMENT AS USUAL for schizophrenia
Population: patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CANNABIS USE
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behaviour: Cannabis use: 1. frequency of use (group‐based therapy) (high = bad) ‐ medium term Cannabis use. Scale from: 0 to 17. CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Mental state 4 PANSS score Positive symptoms ‐ medium term PANSS Scale from: 7 to 49. CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Global state: relapse ‐ medium term ‐ not reported CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
General Functioning 1: Subjective quality of life (WHO QOL, BREF) ‐ medium term WHO QOL questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 20. CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse effects: no clinically important adverse effects ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leaving the study early ‐ medium term ‐ not reported CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with treatment ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: ADJUNCT PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY vs TREATMENT | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) versus NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION for schizophrenia
Population: patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CANNABIS USE
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behaviour: Cannabis use: Used cannabis in last 4 weeks ‐ medium term Cannabis use CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | RR 1.04 [0.62, 1.74] | 1 study · 47 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Mental state: 1. Average score (BPRS‐E total endpoint, higher scores = poor) ‐ medium term BPRS‐E. Scale from: 0 to 168. CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Global state: relapse ‐ medium term ‐ not reported CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
General functioning: no clinically important change in general functioning ‐ medium term ‐ not reported CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: no clinically important adverse effects ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leaving the study early ‐ medium term ‐ not reported CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with treatment ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY (SPECIFICALLY ABOUT CANNABIS AND PSYCHOSIS) vs NON‐SPECIFIC PSYCOEDUCTION | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' versus ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for
Population: patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behaviour: Cannabis use 3: Traces of cannabis breakdown products in urine ‐ medium term CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | RR 1.8 [0.52, 6.22] | 1 study · 16 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
**Mental state: Obsessive–Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) (short‐term, higher=bad) ‐ short term Scale from: 0 to 44. CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Global state: relapse ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
General functioning: no clinically important change in general functioning ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: measured adverse events ‐ Simpson scale ‐ medium term Scale from: 0 to 40. CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 2 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ medium term CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | RR 0.5 [0.19, 1.29] | 1 study · 28 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Satisfaction with treatment ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL compared with AMISULPRIDE for SCHIZOPHRENIA
Population: patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behaviour: Cannabis use: 1. frequency of use (group‐based therapy) (high = bad) ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental state: PANSS total (high = bad) ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global state: relapse ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
General functioning: no clinically important change in general functioning ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: measured adverse events ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with treatment ‐ medium term ‐ not measured CANNABINOID AS TREATMENT: CANNABIDIOL vs AMISULPRIDE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |