Topic in Oral Health

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Extractions, third molars, jaw fractures, bleeding, osteonecrosis, and cleft surgery.

43 systematic reviews in Oral and maxillofacial surgery ask 866 questions. 21.7% have no studies to answer them, 9.4% rest on very low certainty evidence and 1.4% reach moderate or high certainty.

Reviews
43
Questions
866
current versions
No studies
21.7%
Moderate or high
1.4%
No studies 188 · 21.7%Ungraded 548 · 63.3%Very low 81 · 9.4%Low 37 · 4.3%Moderate 8 · 0.9%High 4 · 0.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint)
Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (10 weeks), Mixed TMD
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.94]1 study · 60 participantsVery low
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)
Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)
Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action
Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture
Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy
Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy
Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.0 studiesNo studies
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (3 months), Osteoarthritis
Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane
RR 2.10 [0.83, 5.30]1 study · 29 participantsVery low

Reviews 43

Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of periodontal and dental disease and oral microbiota (part 1).

Pardo A, Vanti V, et al. · BMC oral health · 2025
Non-Cochranefull textaetiology30 included studies
8 questions

From teeth to bone: dental caries has causal effects on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.

Zhang Gongzi, Zheng Juan, et al. · BMC oral health · 2025
Non-Cochranefull textaetiology3 included studies
83 questions

The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis.

Mazzoli Riccardo, Filippini Tommaso, et al. · Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025
Non-Cochranefull textaetiology74 included studies
34 questions

Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders

Singh, BP, Singh, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2024
Cochranefull textintervention
60 questions

Characterization of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the oral microbiota with the dental and periodontal status in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Escobar-Arregocés Francina, Eras Mayra-Alexandra, et al. · Clinical oral investigations · 2024
Non-Cochranefull textaetiology24 included studies
8 questions

Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hamza Blend, Papageorgiou Spyridon N, et al. · European journal of orthodontics · 2024
Non-Cochranefull textprognostic18 included studies
31 questions

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)

Daly, BJM, Sharif, MO, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022
Cochranefull textintervention
52 questions

Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Beth-Tasdogan, NH, Mayer, B, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022
Cochranefull textintervention
19 questions

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)

Penlington, C, Bowes, C, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022
Cochranefull textintervention
28 questions

Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Grewcock Rebecca E, Innes Nicola P T, et al. · Oral diseases · 2022
Non-Cochranefull textaetiology32 included studies
13 questions

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions

Lodi, G, Azzi, L, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2021
Cochranefull textintervention
10 questions

Surgical removal versus retention for the management of asymptomatic disease‐free impacted wisdom teeth

Ghaeminia, H, Nienhuijs, MEL, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020
Cochranefull textintervention
13 questions

Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth

Bailey, E, Kashbour, W, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020
Cochranefull textintervention
68 questions

Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

van Galen, KPM, Engelen, ET, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019
Cochranefull textintervention
11 questions

Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy

El‐Rabbany, M, Duchnay, M, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019
Cochranefull textintervention
8 questions

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients

Kloukos, D, Fudalej, P, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018
Cochranefull textintervention
9 questions

Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding

Kumbargere Nagraj, S, Prashanti, E, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018
Cochranefull textintervention
4 questions

Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

Engelen, ET, Schutgens, REG, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018
Cochranefull textintervention
13 questions

Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review.

Saber Afnan M, Altoukhi Doua H, et al. · BMC oral health · 2018
Non-Cochranefull textintervention19 included studies
8 questions

Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery

Agnihotry, A, Fedorowicz, Z, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2017
Cochranefull textintervention
19 questions

Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)

Rollason, V, Laverrière, A, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016
Cochranefull textintervention
22 questions

Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children

Feriani, G, Hatanaka, E, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016
Cochranefull textintervention
24 questions

Interventions for the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumours

Sharif, FNJ, Oliver, R, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2015
Cochranefull textintervention
1 questions

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury

Coulthard, P, Kushnerev, E, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2014
Cochranefull textintervention
16 questions

Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth

Bailey, E, Worthington, HV, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2013
Cochranefull textintervention
9 questions