Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM41892786
Accessory Mandibular Foramina: An Anatomical Study in Dry Mandibles and Meta-Analysis.
Thomaidi Zoi Maria, Papadopoulos Vasileios · Dentistry journal · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/dj14030178
Findings
13 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult human dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles | Presence of accessory mandibular foramina (AMaFs) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Dry mandibles or cadaveric material · Publication 2017 or later | Proportion 0.27 [0.2, 0.34] GRADE not reported 23 studies |
| Adult human dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles | Presence of accessory mandibular foramina (AMaFs) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Dry mandibles or cadaveric material · Publication 2016 or earlier | Proportion 0.23 [0.14, 0.33] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Absence of accessory mandibular foramina (mandibles without AMaFs) | Prevalence (proportion) 0.651 [0.577, 0.722] GRADE not reported 35 studies · 3523 participants |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Bilateral presence of AMaFs (mandibles) | Prevalence (proportion) 0.106 [0.069, 0.150] GRADE not reported 35 studies · 3523 participants |
| Adult human dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles | Presence of accessory mandibular foramina (AMaFs) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Dry mandibles or cadaveric material · Sample size 200 or more hemimandibles | Proportion 0.27 [0.19, 0.36] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Multiple AMaFs (2 or more) on at least one side (mandibles) | Prevalence (proportion) 0.024 [0.010, 0.042] GRADE not reported 35 studies · 3523 participants |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Unilateral presence of one or more AMaFs (mandibles) | Prevalence (proportion) 0.209 [0.163, 0.259] GRADE not reported 35 studies · 3523 participants |
| Adult human dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles | Presence of accessory mandibular foramina (AMaFs) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Dry mandibles or cadaveric material · Sample size under 200 hemimandibles | Proportion 0.24 [0.16, 0.32] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) of Indian origin (hemimandibles) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Indian origin | Prevalence (proportion) 0.27 [0.20, 0.34] GRADE not reported 27 studies · 4880 participants |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) of non-Indian origin (hemimandibles) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Non-Indian origin | Prevalence (proportion) 0.21 [0.10, 0.34] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 2166 participants |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) (hemimandibles) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible | Prevalence (proportion) 0.253 [0.198, 0.312] GRADE not reported 36 studies · 7646 participants |
| Dry mandibles or cadaveric mandibles (adult) (hemimandibles) | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Number of AMaFs per hemimandible Overall, subgroup analysis by origin (Indian vs non-Indian) | Prevalence (proportion) 0.25 [0.20, 0.31] GRADE not reported 35 studies · 7046 participants |
| AMaFs in dry mandibles | Not applicable (anatomical prevalence) | None | Mean diameter of AMaFs (mm) | Mean (mm) 0.65 GRADE not reported 4 studies · 298 participants |
Included primary studies 58
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chandan 2020 Vascular lesions of the middle ear. PMID:202044 | 1977 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Adalarasan 2024 Histotoxic effects of polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan dairy cattle. PMID:202450 | 1978 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dave 2019 Possible role of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the regulation of norepinephrine biosynthesis in rat brain. PMID:201940 | 1977 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mathur 2018 The induction of chromosome aberrations in mouse dictyate oocytes by X-rays and chemical mutagens. PMID:201837 | 1977 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sakalem 2024 Effect of isometric exercise on catecholamines in the coronary circulation. PMID:202452 | 1977 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shalini 2016 Phosphodiesterase activator from rat kidney cortex. PMID:201632 | 1978 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gopalakrishna 2016 Effect of pressure and ionic strength on the self-association of Apo-A-I from the human high density lipoprotein complex. PMID:201629 | 1978 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Induja 2022 Alterations in regulation of insulin biosynthesis in pregnancy and starvation studied in isolated rat islets of langerhans. PMID:202248 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nayak 2019 Paradoxical effects of calcium-glucagon interaction on cardiac muscle contractility of isolated guinea pig atria. PMID:201943 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rajkumari 2017 Changes of the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum in the peripheral nervous system in mutant hamsters with hind leg paralysis and normal… PMID:201735 | 1978 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shwetha 2022 Effect of buffer composition on binding of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate by bovine adrenal extracts. PMID:202249 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2020 The epidemiology of infection with Entamoeba histolytica in the Gambia, West Africa. PMID:202045 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sujatha 2024 The role of iron-sulfur center 2 in electron transport and energy conservation in the NADH-ubiquinone segment of the respiratory chain in… PMID:202453 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sultana 2016 Transport of a nonphosphorylated nucleoside, 5'-deoxyadenosine, by murine leukemia L1210 cells. PMID:201633 | 1978 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Adalarasan 2024 Morphometric Study on the Mandibular Foramen. PMID:39493051 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Asdullah 2018 Further evidence for the genetic origin of mutations in mammalian somatic cells: the effects of ploidy level and selection stringency on… PMID:201836 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Asdullah 2018 Morphological variations of lingula and prevalence of accessory mandibular foramina in mandibles: A study. PMID:30546225 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bandlamudi 2024 Location of mandibular foramen in dry mandibles in relation to various anatomical landmarks DOI:10.18231/j.ijmi.2024.004 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bandlamudi 2024 Intracellular protein degradation. PMID:202451 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dave 2019 CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE OF ACCESSORY MANDIBULAR FORAMINA AND THEIR POSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN DRY MANDIBLES DOI:10.16965/ijar.2018.398 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Freire 2012 A unique multisystemic syndrome of unknown origin. PMID:201224 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gopalakrishna 2016 AN ANATOMICAL STUDY ON THE POSITION OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN IN 100 DRY MANDIBLES DOI:10.16965/ijar.2016.122 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Goyal 2017 Clinical significance of accessory foramina in adult human mandible DOI:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172427 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Goyal 2017 Latent herpes simplex virus infection of mice. Infectious virus in homogenates of latently infected dorsal root ganglia. PMID:201734 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hoque 2016 Incidence of Accessory Mandibular Foramen in Dry Adult Human Mandible DOI:10.3329/bja.v14i2.74835 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hoque 2016 Evaluation of volume changes in associating systems by sedimentation equilibrium. PMID:201630 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Induja 2022 Analysis of various accessory foramina in mandible DOI:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.8223 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwanaga 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwanaga 2020 Clinical anatomy of the accessory mandibular foramen: application to mandibular ramus osteotomy. PMID:31541271 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kuberappa 2019 STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS ACCESSORY FORAMINA IN 100 HUMAN MANDIBLES OF SOUTH INDIA DOI:10.16965/ijar.2019.134 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kuberappa 2019 Effect of magnesium trisilicate and citric acid on the biovailability of tetracycline in man. PMID:201941 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lima 2016 Occurrence of the Accessory Foramina of the Mandibular Ramus in Brazilian Adults and its Relation to Important Mandibular Landmarks DOI:10.4067/s0717-95022016000100047 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lima 2016 Mitochondrial ATPase activities of hepatoma BW7756 and ascites tumor cells. Influence of MG2+ ions, free fatty acids, and uncouplers. PMID:201631 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mistry 2021 Study of the Accessory Mandibular Foramina in Dry Adult Human Mandibles and their Clinical and Surgical Implications DOI:10.7860/ijars/2021/45899.2608 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mistry 2021 Opiate receptors and endogenous opioid peptides in tolerance and dependence. PMID:202147 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mondal 2019 Central nervous respiratory depressants--control-systems approach to respiratory depression. PMID:201942 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Murlimanju 2011 [Electroradiography of nasopharyngeal tumors]. PMID:201123 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Padmavathi 2014 Peyote, a potential ethnopharmacologic agent for alcoholism and other drug dependencies: possible biochemical rationale. PMID:201426 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pal 2018 Epstein-Barr-virus immunity and tissue distribution in a fatal case of infectious mononucleosis. PMID:201839 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Patra 2015 Characterization of monolayer cultures of type II alveolar pneumonocytes that produce pulmonary surfactant in vitro. PMID:201527 | 1976 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Present study (this article) Accessory Mandibular Foramina: An Anatomical Study in Dry Mandibles and Meta-Analysis. PMID:41892786 | 2026 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Present study 2026 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Raghavendra 2015 Use of polyethyleneglycol-treated serum for animal cell cultures. PMID:201528 | 1976 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rajkumari 2017 A morphometric study of the mandibular foramen in dry adult human mandibles – A study in RIMS, Imphal DOI:10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.238 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sakalem 2024 Anatomical variations of the human mandible and prevalence of duplicated mental and mandibular foramina in the collection of the State… DOI:10.1016/j.tria.2024.100357 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Samanta 2013 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN AND INCIDENCE OF ACCESSORY MANDIBULAR FORAMINA IN ADULT HUMAN MANDIBLES OF AN INDIAN… DOI:10.31051/1852.8023.v5.n2.14059 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Samanta 2013 Classification of the beta-adrenoceptors that mediate inhibition of pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion in the dog [proceedings]. PMID:201325 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sarkar 2018 Time to cut for the stone. PMID:201838 | 1978 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shalini 2016 Morphometric study on mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibular foramen in mandibles of south Indian population and its… PMID:28127498 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2025 Transport system-dependent regulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID:202554 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2025 A Morphometric Study of the Mandibular Foramen, Lingula, and the Incidence of Accessory Mandibular Foramina in Dry Mandibles. PMID:40271342 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Suazo 2009 Is the Conduct of Serres an Anatomical Variation in Adults? DOI:10.4067/s0717-95022009000100008 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Suazo 2009 In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. PMID:200922 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sultana 2016 Study of surgical landmarks of mandibular foramen for inferior alveolar nerve block: An Osteological study DOI:10.5958/2394-2126.2016.00011.6 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sutton 1974 Antiviral T cell-mediated immunity in Marek's disease. PMID:197421 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sutton 1974 The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. PMID:4530720 | 1974 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Thunyacharoen 2020 Optimal method for recovery of cytomegalovirus from urine of renal transplant patients. PMID:202046 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Thunyacharoen 2020 An anatomical study on locations of the mandibular foramen and the accessory mandibular foramen in the mandible and their clinical… PMID:32727955 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Human dry mandibles or cadaveric material | Dry mandibles (35 studies) and fresh-frozen cadavers (1 study); 36 studies including the authors' own series of 96 dry mandibles |
| Intervention | Accessory mandibular foramina (presence, number, diameter, distance from mandibular foramen) | AMaFs on the medial mandibular surface (n=36 studies) |
| Comparison | Not specified | Not specified |
| Outcomes | Prevalence and morphology of AMaFs: mandibles without AMaFs, unilateral, bilateral, multiple (2 or more) AMaFs, AMaFs per hemimandible, mean diameter, distance from mandibular foramen | Pooled prevalence: no AMaF 65.1%; unilateral 20.9%; bilateral 10.6%; multiple 2.4%; 0.253 AMaFs per hemimandible; mean diameter 0.65 mm (n=4 studies) |
| Study designs | Anatomical studies in dry mandibles or cadaveric material; radiological studies excluded | Anatomical osteological studies (n=36) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |