Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42140893
Fluoride release and mechanical properties of S-PRG fillers in dental materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kaur Kanwalpreet, Saini Ravinder S, Kuruniyan Mohamed Saheer, et al. · BDJ open · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1038/s41405-026-00442-z
Findings
Population Dental restorative material specimens (in vitro) and patients for dental restoration
8 findings
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Diametral tensile strength (DTS) DTS subgroup Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD 6.50 [-0.35, 13.35] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Flexural strength Flexural strength subgroup Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD 11.20 [-28.50, 50.90] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Fluoride release Overall (text) | MD -3.21 [-4.12, -2.30] Low Downgraded: inconsistency 7 studies |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) Overall (text) | MD 9.45 [-7.89, 26.79] Low Downgraded: inconsistency Studies not reported |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Fluoride release Overall (forest plot, 15 comparisons) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD -2.4 [-3.0, -1.9] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) Overall (forest plot, 14 comparisons) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD 8.3 [7.9, 8.7] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) Overall (GRADE table) | MD 8.91 [-9.13, 26.96] Low Downgraded: inconsistency 6 studies · 80 participants |
| S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing materials | Non-S-PRG comparator materials (resin-based and glass ionomer-based) | Fluoride release Overall (GRADE table) | MD -3.54 [-4.57, -2.50] Low Downgraded: inconsistency 8 studies · 132 participants |
Included primary studies 36
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim 2022 Microvessel reactions and NAD-NADH changes in cat brain cortex during cortical stimulation under normo- and hypercapnic conditions. PMID:202240 | 1977 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shimizu 2021 Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation in hamster pre-ovulatory follicles stimulated with LH and FSH. PMID:202132 | 1978 | 2 other reviews | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Tsuji 2024 Serum lipids in angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. PMID:202436 | 1978 | 2 other reviews | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Bergantin 2022 Brain energy metabolism of the conscious rat exposed to ischemic conditions. PMID:202241 | 1977 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaga 2023 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hemoproteins. VIII. Proton NMR studies of the binding of various nitrogenous ligands to ferric… PMID:202330 | 1978 | 1 other review | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Shimazu 2011 Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus antibodies in infectious mononucleosis. PMID:201153 | 1977 | 1 other review | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Ubolsa-Ard 2024 [Etiologic aspects of peripheral neuropathies observed in Senegal]. PMID:202414 | 1977 | 1 other review | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Yassen 2016 Transport of a nonphosphorylated nucleoside, 5'-deoxyadenosine, by murine leukemia L1210 cells. PMID:201633 | 1978 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bergantin et al. 2022 S-PRG-based composites erosive wear resistance and the effect on surrounding enamel. PMID:35039516 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Burtea 2019 Circulating corticotropin releasing factor-like activity in man. PMID:201935 | 1977 | this review only | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Colceriu Burtea et al. 2019 New Pre-reacted Glass Containing Dental Composites (giomers) with Improved Fluoride Release and Biocompatibility. PMID:31816959 | 2019 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Islam 2024 Membrane-bound arylamidase from human hepatoma cells having the same electrophoretic mobility as placental membrane-bound arylamidase. PMID:202422 | 1978 | this review only | Fluoride release; Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Islam et al. 2024 The Effect of Mechanical Alteration on Repair Bond Strength of S-PRG-Filler-Based Resin Composite Materials. PMID:38891435 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaga 2011 Effect of oesophageal-pharyngeal secretions from normal cattle on foot-and-mouth disease virus O1. PMID:201131 | 1977 | this review only | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Kaga et al. 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Kaga et al. 2023 Effect of Particle Sizes and Contents of Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer Filler on Mechanical Properties of Auto-Polymerizing Resin. PMID:36975569 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kamijo 2009 Role of nucleotides in tubulin polymerization: effect of guanylyl 5'-methylenediphosphonate. PMID:200938 | 1977 | this review only | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Kamijo et al. 2009 Fluoride release and recharge characteristics of denture base resins containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer filler. PMID:19496404 | 2009 | this review only | Mechanical strength (diametral tensile and flexural strength) | not extracted yet |
| Kiatsirirote 2019 Capping structures of simian virus 40 19S and 16S mRNAs. PMID:201923 | 1977 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Kiatsirirote et al. 2019 Fluoride-Releasing Effect of a Modified Resin Denture Containing S-PRG Fillers on Salivary Fluoride Retention: A Randomized Clinical Study. PMID:30056451 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2022 Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength and Microleakage of Three Ion-Releasing Restorative Materials at Various pH Levels DOI:10.3390/app12136796 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pimentel 2023 Permeabilization of B. subtilis cells to macromolecules. PMID:202342 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pimentel et al. 2023 Effects of in vitro erosion on surface texture, microhardness, and color stability of resin composite with S-PRG fillers. PMID:36995429 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shimazu et al. 2011 Evaluation of the ion-releasing and recharging abilities of a resin-based fissure sealant containing S-PRG filler. PMID:22123018 | 2011 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Shimizu et al. 2021 Evaluation of bonding performance and multi-ion release of S-PRG fillercontaining self-adhesive resin composite. PMID:34193722 | 2021 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Sirinoglu-Capan 2020 A new notifiable disease. PMID:202054 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sirinoglu-Capan et al. 2020 In Vitro Fluoride-Release/Recharge Pattern and Antimicrobial Effects of Current Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry DOI:10.26650/experimed.2020.0006 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Suzuki 2015 Properties of a transposon conferring resistance to penicillins and streptomycin. PMID:201539 | 1977 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Suzuki et al. 2015 Application of a tooth-surface coating material containing pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers for caries prevention DOI:10.1016/j.pdj.2015.08.003 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsuji et al. 2024 Evaluation of mechanical properties and ion-releasing of 3D printing resins containing S-PRG filler: A preliminary study. PMID:39631951 | 2025 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Ubolsa-Ard et al. 2024 Influence of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile… PMID:38096611 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2011 Fine structural localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the pancreatic islets of two amphibian species (Salamandra salamandra L.… PMID:201137 | 1977 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Wang et al. 2011 DOI:10.11344/nano.3.275 | NR | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Yassen et al. 2016 Evaluation of selected properties of a new root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers. PMID:26787616 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zafar 2013 DOI:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.28.04.1869 | NR | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
| Zafar 2013 Inhibition of stress-induced hyperprolactinaemia. PMID:201334 | 1977 | this review only | Fluoride release | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients for dental restoration | Dental restoration material specimens (14 in vitro studies of 18), one RCT (n=110), one rat study |
| Intervention | Use of S-PRG fillers | S-PRG-containing materials (sealants, composites, resins, cements, denture base) |
| Comparison | Placebo or non-S-PRG fillers | Resin-based, glass ionomer-based and other non-S-PRG materials |
| Outcomes | Flexural strength, wear resistance, durability, fluoride release, performance | Fluoride release (7 studies in meta-analysis); mechanical strength (DTS, flexural strength) |
| Study designs | Randomized and non-randomized studies including cross-sectional, retrospective, observational and in vitro studies, English | In vitro (n=16), RCT (n=1), animal (n=1) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | No | No | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: Partial Yes | NRSI: Partial Yes · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: No · NRSI: No | NRSI: No · RCT: No | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | No | no |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |