Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

131 questions · 132 findings · 48 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 10 · 7.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.3%Very low 78 · 59.1%Low 28 · 21.2%Moderate 12 · 9.1%High 1 · 0.8%

Horticultural therapy plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether horticultural therapy plus standard care changes satisfaction with treatment Leaving the study early compared with standard care alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES changes leaving the study early due to any reason (overall acceptability of… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES changes leaving the study early due to adverse effects (overall tolerability… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Global state: recovery (assessed by symptom remission over a specified time period, as defined by study) · recent‐onset psychosis

It is very uncertain whether extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams changes global state: recovery (assessed by symptom remission over a… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Service use: disengagement from services(assessment varied) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams may leads to lower service use: disengagement from services(assessment varied) compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by patient records) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FOR PROMPTING/SUPPORT + STANDARD CARE vs usual care

Acceptability (of intervention): Leaving the studies early – any reason Loss to · patients with treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FOR PROMPTING/SUPPORT… showed no clear difference in acceptability (of intervention): Leaving the studies early – any… compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PHASE SPECIFIC TREATMENT (RISPERIDONE + CBT) + SPECIALISED TEAM vs SPECIALISED TEAM

Progression to psychosis ‐ by 12 months · people with psychosis

PHASE SPECIFIC TREATMENT (RISPERIDONE + CBT) + SPECIALISED TEAM probably leads to lower progression to psychosis ‐ by 6 months compared with SPECIALISED TEAM (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs placebo

Leaving the study early · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +…

It is very uncertain whether ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) changes leaving the study early compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review