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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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ARP with xenograft (bone graft) vs Extraction alone

Changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

It is very uncertain whether ARP with xenograft (bone graft) changes changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) compared with extraction alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries in children · Children in cross-sectional studies

The cross-sectional association remained statistically significant after excluding Julihn et al. 2018.

7 findings from 1 review
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ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size vs ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size

Changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

It is very uncertain whether ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size changes changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) compared with ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CT genotype vs TT genotype (heterozygous model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries in Caucasians under the heterozygous (CT vs TT) model (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.56); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) vs Bonded expander plate (acrylic)

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed tooth-borne Hyrax expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with bonded expander plate (acrylic); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Gingival index (GI) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study found no significant difference in gingival index between aligners and fixed appliances in adults at 6-12 weeks (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.15; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Histological validation (serial sectioning, grinding, hemisection, or microradiography)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the dentin caries detection level (D0-2 versus D3-4) · Extracted human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars), occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vitro, laser fluorescence pen (2190) pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.88) for occlusal caries at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Mean number of decayed teeth (mean DT) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Systemic sclerosis patients have a significantly higher number of decayed teeth than controls (SMD 0.19); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190) had a summary ROC AUC of 0.91 for proximal caries detection at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Fixed bonded acrylic splint expander vs no treatment

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed bonded acrylic splint expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion (maxillary intermolar width) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Visual examination (VE) vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (1/3 dentin detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, visual examination had a pooled specificity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0.89) for proximal caries detection at the 1/3 dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Digital bitewing radiography, phosphor plate (PSP) vs Histological validation (serial sectioning, grinding, hemisection, or microradiography)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the dentin caries detection level (D0-2 versus D3-4) · Extracted human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars), occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vitro, digital bitewing radiography (phosphor plates) pooled specificity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.995) for occlusal caries at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Glass ionomer cement (for bracket bonding) vs Resin adhesive

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

There is no clear difference in WSL initiation between glass ionomer cement and resin adhesive for bracket bonding (RR 0.72, not significant); certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Nickel-titanium archwire vs Multistranded stainless steel archwire

Harms (pain) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
1 finding from 1 review
  • Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    first days
    No difference in overall pain, but more pain with nickel-titanium at 12 hours and day 1 (morning, afternoon, bedtime) vs multistranded stainless steel (Sandhu 2013). Narrative; no pooled estimate.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Sealing (resin sealant, glass ionomer cement, or polyurethane tape) vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Radiographic proximal caries lesion progression · Patients with non-cavitated proximal (approximal) caries lesions (primary or permanent dentition)

Sealing probably reduces the odds of proximal lesion progression compared with placebo (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.42; moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review