What do systematic reviews say?

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 464 participants
  Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

• Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 89 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 1351 participants
  Very low

NSAIDs vs control or placebo medications

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dexmedetomidine vs control or placebo medications

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pregabalin or Gabapentin vs control or placebo medications

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

Acetaminophen vs control or placebo medications

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 335 participants
  Moderate

Scalp infiltration vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Scalp block vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 3313 participants
  Low

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo

• Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 176 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery

• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  26 studies · 2804 participants
  Low

Immunonutrition vs usual care

Immunonutrition showed no clear difference in postoperative length of hospital stay (days) compared with standard care (low certainty).

• Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 2.5
  10 studies · 757 participants
  Low

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes length of hospital stay compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Effects of peri‐operative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐operative kidney function for adults with… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.12
  3 studies · 410 participants
  Very low

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

• Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 372 participants
  Very low

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

• Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection versus pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition

• Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 2963 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1075 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1156 participants
  Low