Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among America/Canada/Brazil studies (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.70-1.76).
17 findings from 1 review
OR 1.11 [0.70, 1.76]
5 studies
GRADE not reported
OR 0.86 [0.54, 1.38]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
OR 0.93 [0.65, 1.33]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Show 14 more findings
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
RETRACTED. Among studies before 2017, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.79-8.58); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review.
16 findings from 1 review
Show 13 more findings
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): good
OR 5.32 [2.89, 9.80]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample collection: saliva
OR 4.70 [2.44, 9.09]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Overall (all 22 studies, random-effects)
OR 4.42 [3.14, 6.24]
22 studies · 3301 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample size: >=100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '>=1000')
OR 4.65 [2.57, 8.42]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample collection: oral swab
OR 9.55 [2.17, 42.01]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study design: case-control
OR 5.30 [1.72, 16.31]
2 studies · 708 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Region: Asia
OR 3.62 [2.53, 5.20]
12 studies · 2347 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample size: <100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '<1000')
OR 4.35 [2.75, 6.89]
16 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Time period: 2018 and later
OR 4.17 [2.62, 6.64]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study design: cross-sectional
OR 4.30 [2.92, 6.33]
20 studies · 2593 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): moderate
OR 3.84 [2.24, 6.57]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Region: America/Canada/Brazil/Chile
OR 3.98 [1.14, 13.87]
5 studies · 319 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): low
OR 5.14 [2.12, 12.48]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding Peres et al. (2017), breastfeeding for less than 24 months was associated with fewer caries (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.62; I²=6%).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding five studies, breastfeeding was associated with lower ECC risk in cohort studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95; I²=0%).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age >3 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age >3 years (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.89-1.71).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.24 [0.89, 1.71]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding two studies, breastfeeding for less than 18 months was associated with fewer dental caries (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.42; I²=0%).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age ≤3 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age ≤3 years (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67-1.10).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.86 [0.67, 1.10]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding three studies, breastfeeding for less than 12 months was associated with lower dental caries risk (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.80; I²=0%).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
Adjusted analyses also showed no association between low birth weight and early childhood caries (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.57); certainty not graded.
3 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
In children aged 3 years or younger, preterm birth was not associated with early childhood caries (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.37); certainty not graded.
2 findings from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
High snack consumption was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
Low family income was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
A problem-driven dental visit was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Healthy children under 6 years of age (6 months to 6 years); preschool children
After excluding an extreme outlier (Alhabdan 2018), the association between low brushing frequency and ECC remained statistically significant (pooled OR approximately 2.0, p=0.003; I2=87.5%); the exact estimate and its CI were not reported; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa
Pooled ECC prevalence in Tunisia was 38% (95% CI 24-51), significantly lower than Egypt and Sudan.
10 findings from 1 review
Prevalence 38 [24, 51]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence 48 [39, 58]
9 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence 63 [52, 74]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Show 7 more findings
Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)
Children exposed to secondary smoking from infancy have a higher incidence of early childhood caries by age 3 (RR 1.45; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)
Preschool children exposed to secondary smoking have higher odds of caries prevalence (OR 1.77), but the cross-sectional evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) · Toddlers and preschool children, 2 to 6 years of age (primary dentition)
Caesarean section delivery may be associated with a modestly higher prevalence of early childhood caries than vaginal delivery (pooled OR 1.48), but the evidence is inconsistent and of very low certainty.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of CDH17 (chr8q22.1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)
Genetically predicted expression of CDH17 was significantly associated with ECC in the TWAS (p = 3.32e-8); genetic association, ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs1044956 (7:24854765; nearest gene(s) OSBPL3, NPVF) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)
The common variant rs1044956 near OSBPL3, NPVF showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = 4.551, p = 5.35e-6); genetic association, ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review