Question · asked by 1 review
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans: Early childhood caries (ECC)
- Population
- Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
- Intervention
- Presence of oral Candida albicans
- Comparison
- Absence of oral Candida albicans
- Outcome
- Early childhood caries (ECC)
RETRACTED. Among studies before 2017, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.79-8.58); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review.
What each review found
Include earlier review versionsNo studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 16 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Time period: before 2017 RETRACTED. Among studies before 2017, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.79-8.58); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.89 [2.79, 8.58] | 10 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Sample collection: dental plaque RETRACTED. Among dental plaque samples, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.08, 95% CI 2.65-6.27); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.08 [2.65, 6.27] | 13 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Region: Europe RETRACTED. Among European studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 10.13, 95% CI 6.01-17.09); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 10.13 [6.01, 17.09] | 5 studies · 635 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Study quality (NOS): good RETRACTED. Among good-quality studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.89-9.80); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 5.32 [2.89, 9.80] | 7 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Sample collection: saliva RETRACTED. Among saliva samples, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.70, 95% CI 2.44-9.09); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.70 [2.44, 9.09] | 7 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Overall (all 22 studies, random-effects) RETRACTED. Oral C. albicans presence was associated with about 4-fold higher odds of early childhood caries (pooled OR 4.42, 95% CI 3.14-6.24), but this systematic review has been retracted and the evidence was not GRADE-rated (ungraded). RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.42 [3.14, 6.24] | 22 studies · 3301 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Sample size: >=100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '>=1000') RETRACTED. Among larger studies (n>=100), oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.65, 95% CI 2.57-8.42); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.65 [2.57, 8.42] | 6 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Sample collection: oral swab RETRACTED. Among oral swab samples, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 9.55, 95% CI 2.17-42.01); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 9.55 [2.17, 42.01] | 2 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Study design: case-control RETRACTED. Among case-control studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.72-16.31); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 5.30 [1.72, 16.31] | 2 studies · 708 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Region: Asia RETRACTED. Among Asian studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.53-5.20); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 3.62 [2.53, 5.20] | 12 studies · 2347 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Sample size: <100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '<1000') RETRACTED. Among smaller studies (n<100), oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.35, 95% CI 2.75-6.89); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.35 [2.75, 6.89] | 16 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Time period: 2018 and later RETRACTED. Among studies from 2018 onward, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.62-6.64); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.17 [2.62, 6.64] | 12 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Study design: cross-sectional RETRACTED. Among cross-sectional studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.30, 95% CI 2.92-6.33); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 4.30 [2.92, 6.33] | 20 studies · 2593 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Study quality (NOS): moderate RETRACTED. Among moderate-quality studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 3.84, 95% CI 2.24-6.57); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 3.84 [2.24, 6.57] | 11 studies | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Region: America/Canada/Brazil/Chile RETRACTED. Among studies from the Americas, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.14-13.87); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 3.98 [1.14, 13.87] | 5 studies · 319 participants | GRADE not reported |
Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood) · Exposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years, Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings, Study quality (NOS): low RETRACTED. Among low-quality studies, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 5.14, 95% CI 2.12-12.48); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review. RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A… (2024) All outcomes | OR 5.14 [2.12, 12.48] | 4 studies | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes | 30 May 2024 (databases searched from inception to 30 May 2024) | 24 | Not applicable |
Studies behind the findings
The primary studies the full-text reviews tie to this outcome. Reviews with headline outcomes only do not list them here.
- Microbiological Evaluation of Herbal Extracts against Candida albicans in Early Childhood Caries Patients: An In Vitro Study. · 2024 · included by 1 of these review
- Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries:a pilot study. · 2024 · included by 1 of these review
- Candida species and selected behavioral factors co-associated with severe early childhood caries: Case-control study. · 2022 · included by 1 of these review
- Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence. · 2021 · included by 1 of these review
- Sex-Based Diverse Plaque Microbiota in Children with Severe Caries · 2020 · included by 1 of these review
- Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR. · 2018 · included by 1 of these review
- Cariogenicity of Candida albicans of distinct genotypes among 3-5-year-old Uygur children in Kashgar, China- a case-control study. · 2018 · included by 1 of these review
- Comparison of Candida species isolated from children with and without early childhood caries: A descriptive cross-sectional study · 2017 · included by 1 of these review
- Prevalence of<i>Candida albicans</i>and carriage of<i>Candida</i>non-<i>albicans</i>in the saliva of preschool children, according to… · 2016 · included by 1 of these review
- Candida albicans Carriage in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and Maternal Relatedness. · 2016 · included by 1 of these review
- Genotypic diversity and cariogenicity of Candida albicans from children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. · 2015 · included by 1 of these review
- Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries · 2012 · included by 1 of these review
- Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries · 2006 · included by 1 of these review
- Clonal identity of <i>Candida albicans</i> in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract of pre‐school children · 2003 · included by 1 of these review
- [The Herisson needle cutter]. · 1991 · included by 1 of these review
- Cao HF 2018 · included by 1 of these review
- Bulut G 2020 · included by 1 of these review
- Farhanaz F 2017 · included by 1 of these review
- Ghasempour M 2011 · included by 1 of these review
- Ota Y 2024 · included by 1 of these review
- Ugun-Can B 2007 · included by 1 of these review
- Yao Y 2021 · included by 1 of these review
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.