Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

42 questions · 44 findings · 18 reviews

No studies found 22 · 50%GRADE not reported 5 · 11.4%Very low 14 · 31.8%Low 2 · 4.5%Moderate 1 · 2.3%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
  • Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
    1 study · 101 participants
    Very low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF: 3 studies reported minor adverse events in the control group; 1 study reported minor adverse events in psychological therapy group; 1 study reported that there were no adverse events. Results: NCT00066937 minor…
    5 studies
    Very low

CBT vs TAU

AEs · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
3 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… changes adverse events ‐ participants with at least one adverse event ‐ < 12… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review