What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo

Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in deaths compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.11 [0.01, 2.11]
  2 studies · 457 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

• Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor showed no clear difference in deaths compared with continued cholinesterase inhibitor (low certainty).

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.36, 1.55]
  5 studies · 598 participants
  Low

Gastrointestinal adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics vs placebo

Other adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics showed no clear difference in deaths compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics versus placebo for any indication 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.87, 1.06]
  52 studies · 216246 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in deaths (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.85, 1.98]
  23 studies · 71176 participants
  Low

Polymyxins vs aminoglycosides

• Head‐to‐head trials of antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Fluoroquinolones vs amoxicillin

• Head‐to‐head trials of antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Epoetin theta vs epoetin beta

Epoetin theta showed no clear difference in deaths compared with epoetin beta (low certainty).

• Short‐acting erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anaemia in predialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.46 [0.29, 20.77]
  1 study · 288 participants
  Low

Gabapentin vs placebo

• Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Very low

Methadone vs placebo

• Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Oral hydromorphone vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hydromorphone for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Fentanyl for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 258 participants
  Very low

Paracetamol alone, paracetamol plus codeine, or paracetamol plus dihydrocodeine vs placebo

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without codeine or dihydrocodeine for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Oxycodone vs placebo

• Oxycodone for pain in fibromyalgia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

RhDNase vs placebo

RhDNase showed no clear difference in deaths compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Mucolytics for bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.09 [0.32, 29.98]
  1 study · 349 participants
  Low

Erdosteine vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mucolytics for bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bromhexine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mucolytics for bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 178 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Single dose oral etoricoxib for acute postoperative pain in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low