Simulation‐based obstetric team training showed no clear difference in low Apgar score (Kirkpatrick level 4: patient outcome) compared with no training (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes serious neonatal morbidity (Reported in Miller 2014 as 'composite… compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).
Multiple micronutrients leads to lower low birthweight compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
Vitamin D supplementation probably leads to lower low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
A dose of vitamin D 4000 IU/d or more showed no clear difference in low birthweight compared with 3999 IU/d or less alone or with any other nutrient (low certainty).
Upright position probably leads to lower low cord pH compared with recumbent position (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Discontinued intravenous (IV) oxytocin stimulation may leads to lower apgar score at five minutes below seven compared with continued IV oxytocin stimulation (low certainty).
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower low birthweight (under 2500 g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
Fundal pressure by inflatable belt showed no clear difference in low arterial cord pH compared with no fundal pressure (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether manual fundal pressure changes low arterial cord pH compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).
Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in low birthweight compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) ‐ assuming independence between… (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.