Cochrane · systematic review · CD009514
Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour
Smith, CA, Levett, KM, Collins, CT, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane Library
Pregnancy and ChildbirthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
21
current version
GRADE rated
11
No studies
10
Included studies
NR
No studies 10 · 47.6%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 8 · 38.1%Low 3 · 14.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Relaxation compared to usual care for pain management in labour
Population: women in labour
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain intensity: active phase (lower scores indicate less intense pain) Relaxation vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 271 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Satisfaction with pain relief (higher proportion high satisfaction) Relaxation vs usual care | RR 8 [1.1, 58.19] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Sense of control in labour Relaxation vs usual care | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with childbirth experience (higher scores indicate more satisfaction) Relaxation vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1176 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Breastfeeding Relaxation vs usual care | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Assisted vaginal birth Relaxation vs usual care | RR 0.61 [0.2, 1.84] | 4 studies · 1122 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Caesarean section Relaxation vs usual care | RR 0.73 [0.26, 2.01] | 4 studies · 1122 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Yoga compared to control for pain management in labour
Population: women in labour
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain intensity (lower scores indicate less intense pain) Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Satisfaction with pain relief Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with pain relief Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Sense of control in labour Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with childbirth experience (higher scores indicate greater satisfaction) Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Breastfeeding Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Assisted vaginal birth Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Caesarean section Yoga vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music compared to control for pain management in labour
Population: women in labour
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain intensity ‐ active phase (lower scores indicate less intense pain) Music vs control | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 217 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Satisfaction with pain relief Music vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sense of control in labour Music vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Satisfaction with childbirth experience Music vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breastfeeding Music vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Assisted vaginal birth Music vs control | RR 0.41 [0.08, 2.05] | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Caesarean section Music vs control | RR 0.78 [0.36, 1.7] | 2 studies · 216 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |