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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,745 questions · 4,389 findings · 203 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 39 · 0.9%GRADE not reported 3,844 · 87.6%Very low 198 · 4.5%Low 137 · 3.1%Moderate 134 · 3.1%High 37 · 0.8%

Orthodontic adhesive/composite containing nano-calcium fluoride (n-CaF2), alone or with DMAHDM vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control

Enamel remineralization extent · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)

In vitro, a nano-CaF2-containing orthodontic cement showed significant enamel remineralization versus control in a single study (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher BMI (continuous / per-unit increment) vs Lower BMI (continuous reference / per 1 kg/m2 decrement)

Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)

Pooling studies that used BMI as a continuous variable showed no significant association between per-unit BMI and childhood dental caries (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03; I2=3.5%); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Er:YAG laser irradiation of sound enamel before acid challenge vs No anticaries intervention (untreated enamel)

Enamel surface microhardness · Human tooth enamel specimens, sound/intact (in vitro)

In sound enamel, Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly increased surface microhardness after acid challenge versus untreated control (SMD 2.41, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.12; 3 in vitro studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

CC+CA genotypes vs AA genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

ApaI(rs7975232) dominant model: CC+CA vs AA was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.91); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Male sex vs Female sex

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the mandible, sex was not significantly associated with space closure (OR 1.38; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Teledentistry (index test): dental caries diagnosis from photographs taken with DSLR or smartphone cameras; store-and-forward vs Visual or clinical examination

Specificity · Children and adults with primary or permanent dentition undergoing dental caries assessment

Across 13 studies, the specificity of teledentistry caries diagnosis ranged from 83% to 100%; no pooled estimate and certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Cdx-2(rs11568820) A allele / genotype vs G allele

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

Cdx-2(rs11568820) was reported by only one study and was not meta-analyzed; its association with caries risk is uncertain (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Overweight vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Overweight may make little or no difference to caries experience (dmft) in the primary dentition of Brazilian children (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo, control, and/or other interventions

Caries arrestment at the individual (patient) level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health

SDF showed a higher caries-arrestment proportion at the individual level, but the reported difference was not statistically significant.

1 finding from 1 review

TT+TG genotypes vs GG genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

TaqI/BglI(rs739837) dominant model: TT+TG vs GG was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 1.09); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Second molar at Demirjian stage E at extraction vs Second molar at Demirjian stage F-H at extraction

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a maxillary permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the maxilla, extraction at Demirjian stage E (vs later F-H) increases odds of space closure (OR 4.78; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Erbium:YAG laser vs Untreated / high-speed-handpiece control enamel

Enamel resistance to demineralization (microhardness / lesion depth) · Human enamel adjacent to restorations or in pits and fissures (in situ / ex vivo)

Er:YAG laser showed a mixed and limited effect on enamel resistance to demineralization: feasible for controlling progression around restorations but not preventing caries formation, and ineffective in pits and fissures (ungraded, 2 ex-vivo studies, no pooled estimate).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Dental caries · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

The DMFT index was significantly higher in oral cancer patients than controls (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.12-1.18); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Cranberry extract / juice and proanthocyanidin (flavonoid) fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Biofilm morphological changes · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Cranberry extract alters S. mutans biofilm morphology/architecture (4 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P)

Lactobacillus spp. mean levels/counts · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)

No significant difference in Lactobacillus spp. presence was reported; GRADE was not reported.

1 finding from 1 review