DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children younger than 6 years (healthy except for dental caries)
In children younger than 6 years, OHPPs were associated with lower odds of DMFT/S (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.39; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral candidiasis prevalence · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)
E-cigarette users may have a higher prevalence of oral Candida colonization than non-smokers (narrative synthesis; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Narrative synthesis: e-cigarette users showed a higher prevalence of Candida spp. (e.g., C. albicans) and increased fungal species compared with non-smokers (Ralho, Camoni [32,28]); no pooled estimate reported.
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral microbiota composition (dysbiosis; increased periodontal/opportunistic pathogens) · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)
E-cigarette use is associated with oral microbiota dysbiosis and increased pathogenic bacteria compared with non-smokers (narrative synthesis; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)
E-cigarette users tend to have a higher plaque index (more biofilm accumulation) than non-smokers (narrative synthesis of systematic reviews; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Narrative synthesis: e-cigarette users exhibited a higher plaque index than non-smokers across included reviews (Shabil, Vamos, Youssef, Thiem, Figueredo, Yang [24,25,27,29,30,31]); the umbrella review reported no…
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral microbiota composition · Individuals assessed for oral microbiota (mainly children and adolescents)
Oral microbiota composition differs between persons with orofacial cleft and healthy controls, synthesized qualitatively across 8 studies but not meta-analyzed (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies of oral cancer; people assessed for periodontitis
Periodontitis is associated with roughly a threefold higher odds of oral cancer (pooled OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.13-4.07; low certainty of evidence), though heterogeneity is moderate (I2=52.4%).
1 finding from 1 review
Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)
The number of missing teeth (per tooth) was not significantly associated with oral cancer (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.01); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)
Pooling across all missing-teeth measures, the overall association with oral cancer was not statistically significant (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.97-1.48; high heterogeneity, I2=82.8%); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Detection rate of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions after referral (COE+vital rinsing vs COE alone) · Oral cavity cancer or potentially malignant disorder symptom-free individuals with tobacco habits
COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) showed no clear difference in detection rate of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions after… compared with conventional oral examination (COE) alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
RETRACTED. Among studies before 2017, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.79-8.58); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review.
16 findings from 1 review
Show 13 more findings
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): good
OR 5.32 [2.89, 9.80]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample collection: saliva
OR 4.70 [2.44, 9.09]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Overall (all 22 studies, random-effects)
OR 4.42 [3.14, 6.24]
22 studies · 3301 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample size: >=100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '>=1000')
OR 4.65 [2.57, 8.42]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample collection: oral swab
OR 9.55 [2.17, 42.01]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study design: case-control
OR 5.30 [1.72, 16.31]
2 studies · 708 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Region: Asia
OR 3.62 [2.53, 5.20]
12 studies · 2347 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Sample size: <100 (Table 6; abstract text erroneously states '<1000')
OR 4.35 [2.75, 6.89]
16 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Time period: 2018 and later
OR 4.17 [2.62, 6.64]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study design: cross-sectional
OR 4.30 [2.92, 6.33]
20 studies · 2593 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): moderate
OR 3.84 [2.24, 6.57]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Region: America/Canada/Brazil/Chile
OR 3.98 [1.14, 13.87]
5 studies · 319 participants
GRADE not reported
RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive… 2024 All outcomesExposure and outcome assessed concurrently (observational); children aged ≤6 years · Children aged ≤6 years; multiple countries (Asia, Europe, Americas); dental/clinical and community settings · Study quality (NOS): low
OR 5.14 [2.12, 12.48]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · community-dwelling older adults with root caries
SDF plus oral health education had a 33% preventative fraction at 24 months; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · community-dwelling older adults with root caries
SDF had a 62% preventative fraction; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
1.23% APF gel + oral health education was probably more effective than Oral health education for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 2.47, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.13; moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · Older adults with root caries in permanent (mature) teeth (mean age 75 years)
SDF had a 71% preventative fraction at 36 months; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Development of any (cavitated or non-cavitated) carious lesion · Children younger than 6 years with caries-free primary dentition (no cavitated or non-cavitated lesions at baseline)
Preschool children with mutans streptococci at baseline probably have about four times higher odds of developing early childhood caries (OR 4.13; moderate certainty).
10 findings from 1 review
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months to 3.5 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Overall
OR 4.13 [3.33, 5.12]
12 studies · 3010 participants
Moderate
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months to 3.5 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Sample: plaque
OR 5.16 [2.99, 8.91]
5 studies · 736 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months to 3.5 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Sample: saliva
OR 3.92 [3.20, 4.80]
9 studies · 2577 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 7 more findings
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes1 year · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Follow-up: 1 year
OR 4.37 [3.50, 5.45]
4 studies · 2016 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes2.7 years (31 months median) · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Follow-up: 2.7 years (31 months median)
OR 33.00 [3.18, 342.26]
1 study · 28 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes2 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Follow-up: 2 years
OR 2.53 [1.22, 5.23]
4 studies · 297 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months to 3.5 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Microbiological assessment: quantitative (culture/CFU counting)
OR 3.82 [2.01, 7.26]
6 studies · 732 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes3.5 years (42 months) · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Follow-up: 3.5 years (42 months)
OR 4.23 [2.49, 7.18]
1 study · 366 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Follow-up: 6 months
OR 4.65 [2.01, 10.76]
2 studies · 303 participants
GRADE not reported
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes6 months to 3.5 years · Caries-free preschool children (<6 y), primary dentition; community/clinic; studies from Japan, Finland, USA, Sweden and Singapore · Microbiological assessment: semi-quantitative (Dentocult/commercial kit)
OR 4.36 [3.53, 5.39]
6 studies · 2278 participants
GRADE not reported
Future caries experience (dmft/dmfs) · Children younger than 6 years with caries-free primary dentition (no cavitated or non-cavitated lesions at baseline)
Children with mutans streptococci at baseline had a greater future caries experience (SMD 0.85, a large effect; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · community-dwelling older adults with root caries
SDF plus potassium iodide had a 52% preventative fraction; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)
Resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant plus oral health… showed no clear difference in change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars compared with fluoride varnish plus oral health education; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
MD 0.07 [-0.03, 0.17]
1 study
GRADE not reported
MD 0.23 [0.02, 0.44]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Adverse events · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth…
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth…
1 finding from 1 review
Abu-Naba'a 2003 reported participants' state of anxiety, comparing ozone treatment with traditional dental interventions (injection, drilling, filling); because no participant was randomised between ozone and drilling…
1 study
GRADE not reported