Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM30290130
Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
Urquhart O, Tampi M P, Pilcher L, et al. · Journal of dental research · 2019 · PubMed · doi:10.1177/0022034518800014
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
84
current version
GRADE rated
84
No studies
0
Included studies
54
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 21 · 25%Low 20 · 23.8%Moderate 25 · 29.8%High 18 · 21.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults and children with noncavitated or cavitated carious lesions on primary or permanent teeth | 44 trials (48 reports), 7,378 participants, 22 countries; 12 primary, 22 permanent, 9 mixed dentition (1 unclear) |
| Intervention | Professionally applied or prescribed nonrestorative / non- and microinvasive treatments (22 interventions: NaF, stannous fluoride, APF, difluorsilane, ammonium fluoride, polyols, chlorhexidine, calcium phosphate/ACP/CPP-ACP, nano-hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, arginine/prebiotics, probiotics, SDF, silver nitrate, lasers, resin infiltration, sealants, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, carbamide peroxide) | 22 interventions assessed (e.g., 5% NaF varnish, 1.23% APF gel, resin infiltration, sealants, 30%/38%/12% SDF, 5,000-ppm F toothpaste/gel, 10% CPP-ACP, 1% chlorhexidine+thymol varnish, 0.2% NaF mouthrinse) |
| Comparison | Another active intervention or no intervention/placebo | No treatment/placebo (common comparator) and active comparators per network |
| Outcomes | Primary: arrest or reversal of noncavitated/cavitated carious lesions; Secondary: adverse events | Arrest or reversal of caries lesions (4 network meta-analyses + study-level RRs); adverse events (black staining, tooth/gum pain, gingival swelling/bleaching, bitter taste) reported in 4 studies (7 reports) |
| Study designs | Parallel or split-mouth randomized controlled trials | 34 parallel-design and 10 split-mouth RCTs (published 1984-2018) |
| Timing | Follow-up of any length | Follow-up 1-36 mo across networks (occlusal 8-12 mo; approximal 12-36 mo; any coronal 9-12 mo; root 3-12 mo; cavitated 12-30 mo) |
Search date: June 2017. Databases: OVID MEDLINE (1946-June 2017); Embase (1974-June 2017); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (via OVID, inception-June 2017); reference lists of primary studies, systematic reviews and guidelines
Questions and results
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs 1.23% APF gel
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing may not differ from 1.23% APF gel for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.22; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.91 [0.68, 1.22] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.15; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.15] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing was probably less effective than Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.61 [0.43, 0.85] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs Sealant + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing was probably less effective than Sealant + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.79] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.14; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.14] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 0.2% NaF mouthrinse + supervised toothbrushing was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.46; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.94 [1.54, 2.46] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
1.23% APF gel vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 1.23% APF gel may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.4; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.08 [0.83, 1.4] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8 to 12 months Population: Primary and permanent teeth with noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 1.23% APF gel compared with 5% NaF varnish: RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.40); Low certainty. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.08 [0.83, 1.40] | 7 studies | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1.23% APF gel vs Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 1.23% APF gel may be less effective than Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.67 [0.45, 0.99] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1.23% APF gel vs Sealant + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 1.23% APF gel may be less effective than Sealant + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.92; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.92] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1.23% APF gel vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 1.23% APF gel may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.41; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.08 [0.82, 1.41] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1.23% APF gel vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 1.23% APF gel was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.54; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.13 [1.79, 2.54] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
5% NaF varnish vs Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 5% NaF varnish was probably less effective than Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.83; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.62 [0.46, 0.83] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
5% NaF varnish vs Sealant + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 5% NaF varnish was probably less effective than Sealant + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.76; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.59 [0.45, 0.76] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
5% NaF varnish vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.15; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.99 [0.86, 1.15] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.4; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.97 [1.63, 2.4] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish vs Sealant + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Sealant + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.21; low certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.95 [0.75, 1.21] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than Sealant for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.24; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.61 [1.16, 2.24] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 3.2, 95% CI 2.24 to 4.56; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 3.2 [2.24, 4.56] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Sealant + 5% NaF varnish vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Sealant + 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than Sealant for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.27; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.69 [1.26, 2.27] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Sealant + 5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Sealant + 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 3.35, 95% CI 2.42 to 4.64; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 3.35 [2.42, 4.64] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Sealant vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions 8-12 mo Sealant was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of occlusal carious lesions (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.44; moderate certainty). Source: Table 1 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-c; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on occlusal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.98 [1.61, 2.44] | 7 studies · 1575 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
5% NaF varnish vs Resin infiltration
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Resin infiltration for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.32 to 3.65; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.09 [0.32, 3.65] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.37; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.5 [0.18, 1.37] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.41; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.95 [0.38, 2.41] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 2.29, 95% CI 0.74 to 7.1; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.29 [0.74, 7.1] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration vs Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Resin infiltration may not differ from Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.23; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.46 [0.09, 2.23] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Resin infiltration may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.91; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.88 [0.4, 1.91] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Resin infiltration may be more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.13; low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.11 [1.08, 4.13] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish vs Sealant
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish may not differ from Sealant for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 1.91, 95% CI 0.48 to 7.52; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.91 [0.48, 7.52] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish may be more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 4.59, 95% CI 1.01 to 20.88; very low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 4.59 [1.01, 20.88] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Sealant vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated approximal carious lesions 12-36 mo Sealant may be more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of approximal carious lesions (RR 2.41, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.58; low certainty). Source: Table 2 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on approximal surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.41 [1.26, 4.58] | 6 studies · 565 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
10% CPP-ACP cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) vs Placebo cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice)
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions 2 mo 10% CPP-ACP cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) may not differ from Placebo cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.36; low certainty). Source: Table 3 (study-level RR + certainty); footnotes b,c,e; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.12 [0.93, 1.36] | 1 study · 45 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions 1 mo 10% CPP-ACP cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) may not differ from Placebo cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.68; low certainty). Source: Table 3 (study-level RR + certainty); footnotes b,c,e; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.28 [0.97, 1.68] | 1 study · 45 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions 3 mo 10% CPP-ACP cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) may be more effective than Placebo cream (+ 900-ppm NaF mouthrinse + 1,000-ppm NaF dentifrice) for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.42; low certainty). Source: Table 3 (study-level RR + certainty); footnotes b,c,e; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.23 [1.06, 1.42] | 1 study · 45 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions 9 mo 5% NaF varnish may be more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.34; low certainty). Source: Table 3 (study-level RR + certainty); footnotes b,c,e; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.3 [1.58, 3.34] | 1 study · 142 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
1.23% APF gel + oral health education vs Oral health education
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated facial/lingual carious lesions 12 mo 1.23% APF gel + oral health education was probably more effective than Oral health education for arrest or reversal of facial/lingual carious lesions (RR 2.47, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.13; moderate certainty). Source: Table 3 (study-level RR + certainty); footnotes b,c,e; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on facial/lingual surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.47 [1.95, 3.13] | 1 study · 257 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
1.23% APF gel vs 10% CPP-ACP paste
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 1.23% APF gel was probably more effective than 10% CPP-ACP paste for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.61; moderate certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.19 [1.83, 2.61] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
1.23% APF gel vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 1.23% APF gel may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.29; low certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.05 [0.85, 1.29] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1.23% APF gel vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 1.23% APF gel was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 2.25, 95% CI 2 to 2.53; moderate certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.25 [2, 2.53] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
10% CPP-ACP paste vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 10% CPP-ACP paste was probably less effective than 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.6; moderate certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.48 [0.38, 0.6] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
10% CPP-ACP paste vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 10% CPP-ACP paste may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.18; low certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.03 [0.9, 1.18] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 9-12 mo 5% NaF varnish was probably more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of any-coronal carious lesions (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.57; moderate certainty). Source: Table 4 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-b; Results (Noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.15 [1.8, 2.57] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
30% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) probably did not differ from 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.34; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.13 [0.95, 1.34] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) was probably less effective than 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.91; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.72 [0.56, 0.91] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.73; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.45 [1.21, 1.73] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
30% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.66; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.41 [1.2, 1.66] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.76; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.47 [1.22, 1.76] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 30% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.97; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.48 [1.11, 1.97] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) vs 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) probably did not differ from 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.18; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.97 [0.8, 1.18] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) was more effective than 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.57; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.3 [1.07, 1.57] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 30% SDF solution (once weekly for 3 weeks) was more effective than 5% NaF varnish (once weekly for 3 weeks) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.71; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.08 [1.59, 2.71] | 1 study · 309 participants | High |
12% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 12% SDF solution (applied biannually)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 12% SDF solution (applied annually) did not differ from 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.02; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 12% SDF solution (applied annually) was probably less effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.91 [0.83, 0.99] | 1 study · 799 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 24 mo 12% SDF solution (applied annually) was probably less effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.98] | 1 study · 799 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 12% SDF solution (applied annually) was probably less effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.85 [0.77, 0.93] | 1 study · 799 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
38% SDF solution (applied biannually) vs 38% SDF solution (applied annually)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 38% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.3; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.21 [1.12, 1.3] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was probably more effective than 38% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.23; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.15 [1.09, 1.23] | 1 study · 799 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 24 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 38% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.27; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.2 [1.13, 1.27] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was probably more effective than 38% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.2; moderate certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.13 [1.07, 1.2] | 1 study · 799 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
38% SDF solution (applied biannually) vs 12% SDF solution (applied biannually)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.41; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.3 [1.21, 1.41] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 24 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.38; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.38; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 months Population: Primary teeth with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 38% SDF solution biannually compared with 12% SDF solution biannually: RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.38); High certainty. Source: Table 5 · same question in other reviews | RR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 38% SDF solution (applied biannually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied biannually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.43; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.34 [1.25, 1.43] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
38% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 12% SDF solution (applied annually)
Population: Preschool children with advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.4; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.27 [1.16, 1.4] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 24 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.28; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.19 [1.1, 1.28] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 30 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.3; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.21 [1.13, 1.3] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
Arrest of advanced cavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface 18 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) was more effective than 12% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of cavitated coronal carious lesions (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.38; high certainty). Source: Table 5 (study-level RR + certainty); footnote d; Results (Cavitated lesions on any coronal surface) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.27 [1.18, 1.38] | 1 study · 799 participants | High |
1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish vs 38% SDF solution (applied annually)
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish may not differ from 38% SDF solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.14 to 5.6; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.88 [0.14, 5.6] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish vs 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually)
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish may not differ from 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.11 to 4.45; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.71 [0.11, 4.45] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.04 to 8.69; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.57 [0.04, 8.69] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish vs 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.7; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.64 [0.15, 2.7] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish vs No treatment
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 1% chlorhexidine + 1% thymol varnish may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.44 to 6.31; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.67 [0.44, 6.31] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
38% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually)
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) may not differ from 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.61; low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.8 [0.25, 2.61] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
38% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.04 to 9.66; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.64 [0.04, 9.66] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
38% SDF solution (applied annually) vs 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.95; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.72 [0.18, 2.95] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
38% SDF solution (applied annually) vs No treatment
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF solution (applied annually) may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 1.92, 95% CI 0.52 to 6.87; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.92 [0.52, 6.87] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs 5% NaF varnish
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) may not differ from 5% NaF varnish for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.05 to 11.95; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.8 [0.05, 11.95] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.62; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 0.9 [0.22, 3.62] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs No treatment
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 2.36, 95% CI 0.66 to 8.42; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.36 [0.66, 8.42] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5% NaF varnish vs 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.1 to 13.12; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 1.13 [0.1, 13.12] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
5% NaF varnish vs No treatment
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 5% NaF varnish may not differ from no treatment for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 2.96, 95% CI 0.27 to 32.26; very low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.96 [0.27, 32.26] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel vs No treatment
Population: Adults (including institutionalized/older adults) with noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on root surfaces (permanent teeth)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated root carious lesions 3-12 mo 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste or gel may be more effective than no treatment for arrest or reversal of root carious lesions (RR 2.62, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.63; low certainty). Source: Table 6 (NMA estimate + certainty); footnotes a-d; Results (Noncavitated and cavitated lesions on root surfaces) · same question in other reviews | RR 2.62 [1.49, 4.63] | 7 studies · 1304 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
AMSTAR 2 appraisal
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: No | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | Yes | No | no |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |
Included primary studies 54
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llodra et al. 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Altenburger et al. 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bailey et al. 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Fung et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Fung et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Martignon et al. 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Meyer-Lueckel et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zhang et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Agrawal 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Agrawal and Pushpanjali 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Autio-Gold and Courts 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baca et al. 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bakhshandeh 2015 Relative sensitivity of three cell substrates to the Sabin poliovirus strains. PMID:201523 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bakhshandeh and Ekstrand 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baysan et al. 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bonow 2013 Cell specific DNA alkylation in target and non-target organs of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced carcinogenesis in hamster and rat. PMID:2013123 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bonow et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Borges et al. 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brailsford et al. 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| da Silveira 2012 Skeletal maturation of Hong Kong Chinese children in the first five years of life. PMID:201212 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| da Silveira et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duangthip et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duangthip, Fung, et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duangthip, Wong, et al. 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Duarte et al. 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ekstrand 2008 Intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva. PMID:200875 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ekstrand et al. 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ekstrand et al. 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ekstrand et al. 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Florio et al. 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gomez et al. 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hedayati-Hajikand et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Heidmann et al. 1992 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Honkala et al. 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Honkala et al. 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Llodra 2005 Glycogen metabolism and cyclic AMP levels in isolated islets of lean and genetically obese mice. PMID:200536 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lynch et al. 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Martignon 2010 Free radical increases in cancer: evidence that there is not a real increase. PMID:201025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Martignon et al. 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Martignon et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Meyer-Lueckel et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Moberg Skold, Birkhed, et al. 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Modeer et al. 1984 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Paris et al. 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Petersson et al. 1991 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Peyron et al. 1992 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schaeken et al. 1991 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sitthisettapong et al. 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Trairatvorakul 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Turska-Szybka et al. 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wallace 1993 Metastatic infantile Wilms' tumor and hydrocephalus; a case report with review of the literature. PMID:199348 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wallace et al. 1993 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wyatt 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Wyatt and MacEntee 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).