Streptococcus mutans count · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
TiO2-modified composite showed no S. mutans difference, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Association between orthodontic treatment duration and ICLs prevalence · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances
ICLs prevalence increased with longer orthodontic treatment duration (meta-regression P=.01; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries in children · Adolescents (12-18 years) without background systemic disease
In a subgroup analysis, probiotics reduced the number of caries in adolescents (MD -0.60, 95%CI -0.92 to -0.28; p-interaction=0.02); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Nigerian children with primary dentition (approximately 6 months to 5 years)
In primary dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with slightly higher, non-significant odds of caries (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.23 to 5.44), with high heterogeneity (I2=83%; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesion incidence · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Clearfil Protect Bond showed no difference in WSL incidence, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
The incidence of WSLs in the Clearfil (CF) group was 8.03%, while in the Transbond (TB) group, it was 9.24% with no significant difference (p = 0.82).
1 study · 35 participants
GRADE not reported
Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) · adults
Patients with periodontitis had a non-significantly higher mean DMFT (WMD 0.87).
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesions assessed by laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Opal Seal had fewer DIAGNOdent-measured lesions, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Opal Seal group showed fewer WSLs compared to the Transbond group, with initial demineralization rates of 1.3% and 3.9%, and caries lesion rates of 0.2% and 1.3%, respectively (p <0.03).
1 study · 56 participants
GRADE not reported
Periodontal pocket (odds), slum vs non-slum residence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Slum residents had significantly higher odds of periodontal pocketing than non-slum residents (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-1.98; single study); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries susceptibility · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years)
Male institutionalized children had a marginally higher caries risk than females (RR 1.02), a non-significant difference (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Biofilm morphology · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; two included studies reported reduced microcolonies or altered bacterial structure with grape seed extract.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Bacterial adhesion (inhibition) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans adhesion to hydroxyapatite in vitro (2 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Photographic white spot lesion score · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Opal Seal showed no difference in photographic WSL severity, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
New white spot lesion incidence (and first-time bracket bond failure) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
A single multicenter RCT found resin-modified glass-ionomer cement did not reduce new white spot lesions or bond failures versus conventional composite (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent score) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
nCaF2 primer favored lower demineralization scores, but certainty was not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Statistically significant scores in favor of the nCaF2 primer at T1, T3, and T6 (p-value = 0.000).
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported
Proportion of ancient skulls with at least one non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) · Ancient/prehistoric human skulls (excavated/archaeological skeletal remains)
About 1.4% of ancient skulls (pooled) had at least one NCCL; crude 17/805 (2.11%) across 6 studies (ungraded, substantial heterogeneity I2=69%).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries
FokI(rs10735810) C allele was significantly associated with higher caries risk vs T allele (pooled OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel remineralization / anti-demineralization extent · Human teeth with early enamel lesions surrounding orthodontic brackets
No meta-analysis was conducted; most included in vitro studies reported significant remineralization with remineralizing orthodontic adhesives versus controls.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
24 studies
GRADE not reported
Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)
In the mandible, mean patient age was not significantly associated with space closure odds (OR 0.59 per year; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries
CC+CT genotype at FokI(rs10735810) was associated with ~1.87-fold higher caries risk than TT (dominant model, OR 1.87); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age >3 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age >3 years (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.89-1.71).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.24 [0.89, 1.71]
14 studies
GRADE not reported