Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

288 questions · 290 findings · 74 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 56 · 19.3%GRADE not reported 21 · 7.2%Very low 61 · 21%Low 62 · 21.4%Moderate 39 · 13.4%High 51 · 17.6%

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cranial ultrasound abnormalities ‒intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 to 4 · infants below 33 weeks of postmenstrual age who required resuscitation in the delivery room

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cranial ultrasound abnormalities ‒intraventricular haemorrhage grade… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants resuscitated by PPV at birth

Use of initial sustained inflation showed no clear difference in cranial ultrasound abnormalities ‒Intraventricular haemorrhage grade… compared with standard inflations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The LNG‐IUS with endometrial surveillance vs endometrial surveillance alone

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen

The LNG‐IUS with endometrial surveillance probably leads to higher abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting compared with endometrial surveillance alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Adverse effects: abnormal vision Duration of treatment (range): 8–36 weeks · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether vigabatrin changes adverse effects: abnormal vision Duration of treatment (range): 8–36… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LNG‐IUS vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Uterine fibroid‐related symptoms (abnormal uterine bleeding, measured at 12 weeks, with the pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC); lower = better) · women with uterine fibroids
2 findings from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA scan at 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone (unit of analysis: children) · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects Defined as deaths, hospitalisations, congenital abnormalities and life‐threatening conditions requiring an immediate hospital visit Assessed at 12 and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse effects Defined as deaths, hospitalisations, congenital… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol probably leads to higher liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Upright position vs recumbent position

Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether upright position changes abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention compared with recumbent position (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review