Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,534 questions · 5,247 findings · 456 reviews

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No studies found 1,142 · 21.8%GRADE not reported 1,503 · 28.6%Very low 1,040 · 19.8%Low 869 · 16.6%Moderate 554 · 10.6%High 139 · 2.6%

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Helicopter emergency medical services vs ground emergency medical services

Disability‐adjusted life years · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract vs porcine minced lung surfactant extract

Neurodevelopmental outcomes · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adjunctive steroid vs placebo

Hearing loss · neonates with clinical and microbiological features of bacterial meningitis

Adjunctive steroid showed no clear difference in hearing loss at 2 years of age compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.18, 18.21]
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cough‐free days Percentage of days free of cough · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis

The intervention may leads to higher cough‐free days Percentage of days free of cough (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for children and adults with bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 12.3 [2.38, 22.22]
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Adverse effects (headgear injuries, gum health, tooth damage/decay, root resorption) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or less at the start of treatment) undergoing orthodontic treatment to distalise upper first…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers led to lower stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
RR 0.81 [0.70, 0.93]
1 study · 523 participants
GRADE not reported
Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
RR 0.82 [0.71, 0.95]
1 study · 486 participants
GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an asthma exacerbation of any cause over the influenza season ‐ children (over 6 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 696 participants
Moderate

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an influenza‐related asthma exacerbation over the influenza season ‐ children (over 6 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 696 participants
Moderate

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Asthma exacerbation (adverse effects) caused by inactivated influenza vaccine, measured in the first 2 weeks following vaccination ‐ children (over 3 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 712 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Language ‐ joint (direct or independent assessment) EIDP/PSDP, PLS‐IV/CASL1 · children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with diagnosis of ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 64 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Language – expression (direct or independent assessment) PLS‐IV, MSEL1 · children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with diagnosis of ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 264 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Language – Comprehension (direct or independent assessment) PLS, MSEL1 · children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with diagnosis of ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 200 participants
Low

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported in the studies of this comparison; no included study across the review reported adverse effects, harm or injury.
0 studies
No studies found

HAART regimen + topical treatment vs HAART alone

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
0 studies
No studies found

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Caries increment on tooth surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) (prevented fraction) · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

2 findings from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 years
Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 4 years: intervention 2.56 (2.07 to 3.05) versus control 4.60 (3.99 to 5.21); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.0001; non-overlapping CIs). No between-group point…
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported
One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 2 years: intervention 1.86 (1.50 to 2.21) versus control 2.44 (2.12 to 2.77); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.05, comparing intervention and control). No…
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Neurological status · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

Arthroplasty probably leads to higher neurological status at 1 to 2 years Percentage of participants with… compared with fusion (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]
3 studies · 1147 participants
Moderate

SPECIALISED TEAM vs usual care

Service use: 1. Average number of days in hospital per month ‐ by about 24 months · people with psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Early intervention for psychosis 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 547 participants
Moderate

Glucocorticosteroid antibiotic agent (intrasocket) vs Normal saline

Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up: median 7 days
OR (exact) 0 [0, 2.42]
1 study · 19 participants
GRADE not reported

Sedation (sedative agents administered via any route) vs General anaesthesia

Outcome not reported · Children and adolescents younger than 18 years having dental treatment (fillings, pulp treatment or tooth extraction); complex surgical…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found