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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Arthroplasty vs fusion Neurological status at 1 to 2 years Percentage of participants with unchanged or improved neurological status · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09] | 3 studies · 1147 participants | Moderate |
Arthroplasty vs fusion Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐PCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 950 participants | Moderate |
Arthroplasty vs fusion Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐MCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 950 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause study withdrawal Investigator‐recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.21] | 2 studies · 130 participants | High |
Intervention NR Change in allergic rhinitis daily symptom score during the grass pollen season Each daily symptom score was the summation of (i) runny nose score, (ii) itchy nose score and (iii) sneezing score (each of these scores self recorded on a severity sca... · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Percentage of well days during the grass pollen season Well days were those days with a symptom score of less than or equal to 2, and no use of rescue medication Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total quality of life score over 12 weeks Assessed as the total score over the entire 12‐week study period in the Juniper RQLQ, i.e. a patient‐specific test instrument derived from 28 questions drawn from 7 dimensions (sleep, non‐hay fever symptom... · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Percentage of days requiring rescue medication (i.e. as tablets) during the grass pollen season Self recorded each day4 Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Hospitalisation due to any adverse event Investigator‐assessed · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.88 [0.31, 26.69] | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Any gastrointestinal adverse event Self recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.31, 2.45] | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR "Substantial" benefit At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 412 participants | Low |
Intervention NR "Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 715 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient global impression much or very much improved · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 715 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life measure · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse event withdrawals · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 874 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1304 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death · painful diabetic neuropathy Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 400 participants | Ungraded |
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone Mortality (median 3 years) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.65 [0.38, 1.13] | 1 study · 79 participants | Moderate |
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone Progression/relapse (median 3 years) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.54 [0.31, 0.92] | 1 study · 79 participants | Moderate |
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone Treatment‐related mortality · patients with primary CNS lymphoma Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane | RR 3.08 [0.33, 28.32] | 1 study · 79 participants | Moderate |
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone Serious adverse events · patients with primary CNS lymphoma Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone Infections (grade 3 to 4) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane | RR 9.23 [1.23, 69.47] | 1 study · 79 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Morbidity · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mortality · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Functional outcomes · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Costs · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events (all adverse events) · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.15] | 6 studies · 1450 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR HbA1c change from baseline to end point (%) ( · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1315 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Utilisation of research (Thailand) (for six obstetric practices: social support during labour, magnesium sulphate for eclampsia, corticosteroids to women with preterm birth, selective episiotomy, antibiotic use at caesarean section and vacuum extr... · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Utilisation of research (Mexico) (for six obstetric practices: social support during labour, magnesium sulphate for eclampsia, corticosteroids to women with preterm birth, selective episiotomy, antibiotic use at caesarean section and vacuum extrac... · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Utilisation of research (4 obstetric practices: use of polyglycolic acid sutures, ventouse for instrumental delivery, prophylactic antibiotics in caesarean section, and prophylactic corticosteroids in preterm deliveries).2 · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Sildenafil vs placebo International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire 31 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 420 participants | Ungraded |
Sildenafil vs placebo International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire 41 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 420 participants | Ungraded |
Sildenafil vs placebo Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.92, 1.78] | 1 study · 184 participants | Low |
Sildenafil vs placebo Sexual Encounter Profile questions 3 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [1, 1.9] | 1 study · 187 participants | Low |
Sildenafil vs placebo Global Assessment Question · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.72 [1.4, 5.28] | 2 studies · 406 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Full desensitization to milk · patients with milk allergy Oral immunotherapy for milk allergy (2012) · Cochrane | RR 6.61 [3.51, 12.44] | 5 studies · 196 participants | Low |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Short‐term overall improvement ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Short‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (pain) (3 months or less) ‐ At end of 12 weeks treatment (Protouch Keyboard) Scale: 0 to 10 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Short‐term improvement in functional ability (3 months or less) (Protouch Keyboard) Scale: 13 to 65 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Long‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (pain ) from baseline to end of 6 months treatment (Apple Adjustable Keyboard) Scale: 0 to 10 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo Long‐term improvement in functional ability (> 3 months) ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs control Adherence ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs control Mortality ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs control Quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs control Log 10 Viral load at 6 months · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Moderate |
Motivational interviewing vs control Retention in care Number attending last · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.69, 2.26] | 1 study · 188 participants | Moderate |