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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Arthroplasty vs fusion
Neurological status at 1 to 2 years Percentage of participants with unchanged or improved neurological status · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease
Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]3 studies · 1147 participantsModerate
Arthroplasty vs fusion
Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐PCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease
Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 950 participantsModerate
Arthroplasty vs fusion
Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐MCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease
Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 950 participantsLow
Intervention NR
All‐cause study withdrawal Investigator‐recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.21]2 studies · 130 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Change in allergic rhinitis daily symptom score during the grass pollen season Each daily symptom score was the summation of (i) runny nose score, (ii) itchy nose score and (iii) sneezing score (each of these scores self recorded on a severity sca... · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Percentage of well days during the grass pollen season Well days were those days with a symptom score of less than or equal to 2, and no use of rescue medication Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Total quality of life score over 12 weeks Assessed as the total score over the entire 12‐week study period in the Juniper RQLQ, i.e. a patient‐specific test instrument derived from 28 questions drawn from 7 dimensions (sleep, non‐hay fever symptom... · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Percentage of days requiring rescue medication (i.e. as tablets) during the grass pollen season Self recorded each day4 Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Hospitalisation due to any adverse event Investigator‐assessed · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 2.88 [0.31, 26.69]1 study · 96 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Any gastrointestinal adverse event Self recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1
Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.79 [1.31, 2.45]1 study · 96 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
"Substantial" benefit At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted412 participantsLow
Intervention NR
"Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted715 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Patient global impression much or very much improved · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted715 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Quality of life measure · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse event withdrawals · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted874 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Serious adverse events · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1304 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Death · painful diabetic neuropathy
Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted400 participantsUngraded
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone
Mortality (median 3 years) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane
HR 0.65 [0.38, 1.13]1 study · 79 participantsModerate
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone
Progression/relapse (median 3 years) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane
HR 0.54 [0.31, 0.92]1 study · 79 participantsModerate
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone
Treatment‐related mortality · patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane
RR 3.08 [0.33, 28.32]1 study · 79 participantsModerate
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone
Serious adverse events · patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cytarabine plus high‐dose methotrexate vs high‐dose methotrexate alone
Infections (grade 3 to 4) · patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Role of chemotherapy additional to high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (2012) · Cochrane
RR 9.23 [1.23, 69.47]1 study · 79 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Morbidity · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Mortality · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Functional outcomes · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Costs · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events (all adverse events) · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.15]6 studies · 1450 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
HbA1c change from baseline to end point (%) ( · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 1315 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Utilisation of research (Thailand) (for six obstetric practices: social support during labour, magnesium sulphate for eclampsia, corticosteroids to women with preterm birth, selective episiotomy, antibiotic use at caesarean section and vacuum extr... · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers
Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Intervention NR
Utilisation of research (Mexico) (for six obstetric practices: social support during labour, magnesium sulphate for eclampsia, corticosteroids to women with preterm birth, selective episiotomy, antibiotic use at caesarean section and vacuum extrac... · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers
Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Intervention NR
Utilisation of research (4 obstetric practices: use of polyglycolic acid sutures, ventouse for instrumental delivery, prophylactic antibiotics in caesarean section, and prophylactic corticosteroids in preterm deliveries).2 · Healthcare decision makers, health system managers or policy makers
Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision‐making by health system managers, policy… (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Sildenafil vs placebo
International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire 31 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 420 participantsUngraded
Sildenafil vs placebo
International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire 41 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 420 participantsUngraded
Sildenafil vs placebo
Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.28 [0.92, 1.78]1 study · 184 participantsLow
Sildenafil vs placebo
Sexual Encounter Profile questions 3 · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.38 [1, 1.9]1 study · 187 participantsLow
Sildenafil vs placebo
Global Assessment Question · patients with erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (2012) · Cochrane
RR 2.72 [1.4, 5.28]2 studies · 406 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Full desensitization to milk · patients with milk allergy
Oral immunotherapy for milk allergy (2012) · Cochrane
RR 6.61 [3.51, 12.44]5 studies · 196 participantsLow
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Short‐term overall improvement ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Adverse effects ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Short‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (pain) (3 months or less) ‐ At end of 12 weeks treatment (Protouch Keyboard) Scale: 0 to 10 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Short‐term improvement in functional ability (3 months or less) (Protouch Keyboard) Scale: 13 to 65 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Long‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (pain ) from baseline to end of 6 months treatment (Apple Adjustable Keyboard) Scale: 0 to 10 · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Ergonomic keyboard vs placebo
Long‐term improvement in functional ability (> 3 months) ‐ not measured · people with carpal tunnel syndrome
Ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Motivational interviewing vs control
Adherence ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV
Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Motivational interviewing vs control
Mortality ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV
Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Motivational interviewing vs control
Quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV
Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Motivational interviewing vs control
Log 10 Viral load at 6 months · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV
Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 157 participantsModerate
Motivational interviewing vs control
Retention in care Number attending last · patients with Improving outcomes in youth living with HIV
Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV (2012) · Cochrane
OR 1.25 [0.69, 2.26]1 study · 188 participantsModerate