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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early routine ERCP strategy vs early conservative management with or without delayed or selective ERCP strategy Local complications defined by the Atlanta Classification (necrosis, abscess, pseudocyst) · patients with unselected patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.52, 1.43] | 4 studies · 517 participants | Moderate |
Early routine ERCP strategy vs early conservative management with or without delayed or selective ERCP strategy Systemic complications defined by the Atlanta Classification (organ failure including shock, pulmonary insufficiency, renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding; disseminated intravascular coagulation or severe metabolic disturbances) · patients with unselected patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.31, 1.11] | 4 studies · 406 participants | Moderate |
MAOIs vs placebo Pain (VAS) VAS from: 0 to 10 · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Low |
MAOIs vs placebo Tender points Tender point score and number of tender points · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Low |
MAOIs vs placebo Global assessment (by patient) VAS from: 0 to 10 · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Low |
MAOIs vs placebo Physical function · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MAOIs vs placebo Discontinuation due to adverse events · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 149 participants | Low |
MAOIs vs placebo Adverse events (nausea and vomiting) · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
MAOIs vs placebo Sleep disturbance · patients with fibromyalgia syndrome Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Short‐term overall improvement (three months or less) · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | RR 15 [1.02, 220.92] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Adverse effects · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Short‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (VAS pain) (three months or less) Scale from: 0 to 5 · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Short‐term improvement in functional ability or health‐related quality of life (hand function) (three months or less) · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | RR 9 [0.59, 137.65] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Short‐term improvement in neurophysiologic parameters (three months or less) · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Long‐term improvement in CTS symptoms (more than three months) · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Long‐term improvement in functional ability or health‐related quality of life (more than three months) · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Neurodynamic mobilisation vs no treatment Need for surgery · People with carpal tunnel syndrome on a waiting list for carpal tunnel release Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.1, 1.12] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist Admissions to hospital · patients with acute asthma Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.06, 1.38] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist Length of stay in emergency department · patients with acute asthma Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Moderate |
IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist Pulse rate at 2 hours · patients with acute asthma Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | MD 10 | 1 study · 29 participants | Moderate |
IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist Clinical Failure (children with a severe to moderate overall clinical assessment score at two hours) · patients with acute asthma Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.09 [0.02, 0.38] | 1 study · 29 participants | Moderate |
IV beta‐agonists vs IV aminophylline Length of hospital stay · patients with acute asthma Intravenous beta₂‐agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 73 participants | Moderate |
IV beta‐agonists vs IV aminophylline PEF (L/min) at 60 min · patients with acute asthma Intravenous beta₂‐agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Moderate |
IV beta‐agonists vs IV aminophylline FEV1 (L) at 60 min · patients with acute asthma Intravenous beta₂‐agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Moderate |
IV beta‐agonists vs IV aminophylline Heart Rate at 60 min · patients with acute asthma Intravenous beta₂‐agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 82 participants | Low |
IV beta‐agonists vs IV aminophylline Clinical failure4 · patients with acute asthma Intravenous beta₂‐agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Moderate |
Aloe vera gel vs Placebo Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Choonhakarn 2008: no serious side-effects; 2 participants receiving aloe vera gel reported stinging and mild itching at lesions within the first week, symptoms spontaneously disappeared with… | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Individualised homeopathic medicine (two doses over 24 hours) vs Placebo Pain free by end of study (day 6) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 6 days Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.00 [1.39, 2.89] | 1 study · 100 participants | Ungraded |
Er:YAG laser debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel Complications and side effects · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | Complications: risk ratio (totals not selected); one laser patient had a buccal keratinised mucosa perforation. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% paste Physician Global Assessment (clinical severity, 0-12 score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · 24 weeks Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD 1.78 [0.17, 3.39] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Hegarty 2002: nausea (4), swollen mouth (1), bad taste and smell (6), difficulty in spray application (7), dry mouth (2), sore throat (1), red painful tongue (1), and pseudomembranous… | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction Sugar intake frequency between meals (mean number of intakes per day) · Adults with frequent sugar intake harbouring Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in saliva (14 dental… · Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour (2012) · Cochrane | Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day between meals: intervention 6.7 (1.9) baseline, 0.8 (1.0) at 3 weeks, 0.9 (1.0) at 6 weeks, 5.6 (3.0) at 12 weeks; control 5.3 (2.3), 5.2 (2.9), 4.6 (3.5), 4.7 (1.5). Significant… | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% vs Normal saline Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.2, 2.0] | 1 study · 161 participants | Ungraded |
Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics Eating warm meals more than twice per day · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland · 2 to 4 years One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour (2012) · Cochrane | Table 2: 77% (193) versus 81% (200) at follow-up (baseline 83% versus 74%, a significant baseline difference). No significant change at follow-up. | 1 study · 497 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% vs Normal saline Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT) Partial response (remarkably effective or effective) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · Grade II (erosive lesions only) Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.07, 1.27] | 1 study · 94 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Normal saline Mean change in health-related quality of life or participant-expressed satisfaction with the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Flapless implant placement vs Conventional flap elevation Patient preference · Patients receiving dental implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | RR 106.70 [20.97, 542.82] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% Change in periapical radiolucency (radiography or CBCT), up to 1 year after treatment · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist; 10 mg daily for 1 month then alternate days for the second month) vs Placebo Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 2 months Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | The study reported equal drug-related adverse effects for those treated with montelukast and placebo. | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs Ibuprofen (oral) Pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria · 90 days Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (2012) · Cochrane | MD 1.75 [-4.10, 7.60] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 1% with chlorhexidine 2% final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1% with normal saline final rinse Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Titanium framework FDP vs High-gold content alloy framework FDP 5-year prosthesis survival · Partially edentulous patients receiving tooth-supported FDPs · 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | 5-year prosthesis survival 84% (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89) titanium vs 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) high-gold alloy; statistically significant difference (P = 0.005) | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs Usual care Fruit juice consumption: risk of starting to drink fruit juice · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle… · 6 weeks after receiving replacement dentures (about 10 weeks after baseline) One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.42, 2.85] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Chlorhexidine 0.2% vs Normal saline Adverse effects · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine 0.2% vs Normal saline Change in periapical radiolucency (radiography or CBCT), up to 1 year after treatment · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Er:YAG laser debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel Recurrence of peri-implantitis · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.06] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with EDTA 17% vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | Only a graph plot of 'average pain' over the 7-day postoperative period in each group was provided; this could not be transformed into usable data for the review's prespecified outcomes. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Extraction of the primary maxillary canine plus cervical pull headgear vs Extraction of the primary maxillary canine alone Prevalence of eruption/non-eruption of the palatally displaced permanent canine (successful eruption) · Children with palatally displaced maxillary canines (at least 80% aged 10 to 13 years); trials with craniofacial… · At least 6 months follow-up after the intervention Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children (2012) · Cochrane | Narrative (not pooled, not GRADE-rated). Leonardi 2004: extraction plus headgear (80%) gave significantly higher eruption than extraction alone (50%) (Chi2 4.69; P<0.05). Baccetti 2008: extraction plus headgear was… | 2 studies · 79 participants | Ungraded |
Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention Reduction in severity of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |